Side Effects of Oral Contraceptives
Disease description:
My husband and I are planning not to have children for now. I've heard that oral contraceptives are effective for birth control, but I'm worried about potential side effects. I'd like to ask the doctor: what are the specific side effects of oral contraceptives? Are they significantly harmful to health?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Zhang Lu
Oral contraceptives mainly contain estrogen and progestin, achieving contraceptive effects by inhibiting ovulation and altering the uterine environment. Common side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort, changes in the menstrual cycle, weight gain, skin changes, and cardiovascular risks.
1. Gastrointestinal discomfort
Nausea, vomiting, and dizziness may occur at the beginning of medication use, due to drug irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and its impact on hormone levels in the body.
2. Changes in the menstrual cycle
Menstrual flow may decrease, menstruation may be delayed or occur earlier than usual, and amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) can also occur, as the medication interferes with normal endocrine regulation.
3. Weight gain
Estrogen in oral contraceptives may cause fluid and sodium retention, while progestin affects fat metabolism.
4. Skin changes
Oral contraceptives may also cause facial pigmentation or melasma, as estrogen stimulates increased activity of melanocytes.
5. Cardiovascular risks
Long-term and excessive use may increase the risk of venous thrombosis, as estrogen affects the synthesis of coagulation factors.
If choosing oral contraceptives, it is recommended to undergo a comprehensive physical examination first, including liver and kidney function, blood pressure, and lipid levels, to rule out any conditions that make contraceptive use unsuitable. If concerned about side effects, you can also discuss with your partner and choose alternative contraceptive methods such as condoms or intrauterine devices (IUDs).
