What causes nipple pain?

In general, nipple pain may be caused by factors such as the menstrual cycle, lactation, mastitis, nipple eczema, or breast fibroadenoma. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention, identify the underlying cause, and receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Menstrual Cycle

During the menstrual cycle, fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels can affect breast tissue, leading to breast hyperplasia and breast tenderness, including nipple sensitivity and pain. Wearing properly fitted bras that provide adequate support can reduce breast movement and vibration. Applying warm compresses to the breasts may also help relieve discomfort.

2. Lactation

Nipple pain during breastfeeding may result from improper sucking force by the infant, incorrect latching position, or dryness and cracking of the nipple. Ensuring correct breastfeeding posture and using nipple care creams to keep the nipples moisturized can help prevent and alleviate pain.

3. Mastitis

Mastitis is an inflammatory response caused by infection of the breast tissue. It is usually due to bacterial infection, resulting in inflammation of the breast tissue and symptoms such as redness, swelling, heat, and pain in the breast. Nipple pain is one of the common symptoms, and patients may also experience fever and localized swelling. Under the guidance of a healthcare provider, medications such as Penicillin V potassium tablets, Compound Nambulagen granules, or Huoxue Xiaoyan pills may be used for treatment.

4. Nipple Eczema

Nipple eczema may be triggered by allergic reactions, dry skin, or fungal infections. These inflammatory responses can lead to local tissue congestion and edema, stimulating nerve endings and causing pain. Symptoms include redness, itching, and pain of the nipple skin, possibly accompanied by dryness and flaking. It is recommended to follow medical advice and use topical medications such as desonide cream, tacrolimus ointment, or mometasone furoate cream for treatment.

5. Breast Fibroadenoma

Breast fibroadenoma is a tumor-like change caused by excessive growth of breast lobules stimulated by estrogen, commonly seen in young women. It arises from abnormal proliferation of glandular and connective tissues in the breast. As the tumor grows, it may compress surrounding tissues, leading to nipple pain. A painless palpable lump in the breast may also be present. Surgical excision may be recommended under the guidance of a physician. The fundamental principle of surgery is to remove the tumor along with a margin of surrounding normal breast tissue through an operative procedure to achieve curative intent.

To minimize irritation, avoid excessive squeezing or rubbing of the nipples. Gently clean the nipples with lukewarm water and mild, fragrance-free soap. Avoid wearing tight-fitting or rough-textured bras to reduce friction and pressure on the nipples.