What are the complications of pelvic fractures?
Feb 17, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lin Yunfei
Introduction
Complications of pelvic fractures may include abdominal organ injury, urethral and bladder injury, hemorrhagic shock, rectal and anal canal injury, female genital tract injury, nerve injury, and major vascular injury. Local symptoms of pelvic fracture include pain at the site of injury, restricted lateral rotation, and limited hip joint mobility.
Pelvic fracture is a severe traumatic injury, accounting for 1%–3% of all fractures. It is commonly caused by high-energy trauma, and over half of affected patients present with associated complications or multiple injuries. The disability rate reaches as high as 50%–60%. What complications can arise from pelvic fracture? Below, we address this question.
What Complications Can Occur with Pelvic Fracture?
Complications associated with pelvic fracture include abdominal organ injury, urethral and bladder injury, hemorrhagic shock, rectal and anal canal injury, female genital tract injury, nerve injury, and major vascular injury.
Pelvic fractures are typically caused by powerful external forces—such as motor vehicle accidents or falls from height. Although the pelvic bones are robust, the pelvis houses vital structures including internal organs, blood vessels, and nerves; thus, while pelvic fractures are relatively rare, they carry a high mortality rate. Local symptoms may include pain at the injury site, lateral rotation of the pelvis, and restricted hip joint mobility. Physical examination may reveal tenderness and swelling over the pubic symphysis, widening of the pubic symphysis, asymmetry of the anterior superior iliac spines due to fracture displacement, and positive pelvic compression and distraction tests.
Bladder or urethral injury may manifest as dysuria, hematuria, or urinary retention. Rectal injury may present with rectal bleeding, and digital rectal examination may detect blood on the examining glove. Nerve injury may result in paralysis of corresponding regions of the lower extremities. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to major vascular injury may cause abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and diminished or absent bowel sounds. Excessive internal bleeding from vascular injury may lead to systemic signs of hemorrhagic shock—including pallor, apathy, cold extremities, and hypotension.
If a pelvic fracture is suspected, immediate transport to a hospital for professional evaluation and treatment is essential to prevent disease progression or complications.
The above outlines the potential complications of pelvic fracture. We hope this information is helpful to you.
