What Are the Types of Uterine Polyps?
May 06, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Lianlian
Introduction
Uterine polyps are classified into three types: cervical polyps, intrauterine polyps, and endometrial polyps. Small polyps are typically asymptomatic, whereas larger ones may cause abnormal uterine bleeding—manifesting as menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding), prolonged menstrual periods, or recurrent postcoital bleeding. Secondary infection often leads to fever and lower abdominal pain. The location and size of the lesion can be identified through gynecological examination and gynecological ultrasound.
Based on their anatomical location, uterine polyps are broadly classified into three types: cervical polyps, intrauterine (endocavitary) polyps, and endometrial polyps.
1. Cervical polyps: These arise from localized hyperplasia of the cervical glandular epithelium and stroma, protruding outward through the external cervical os.
2. Intrauterine (endocavitary) polyps: These attach to the uterine wall via a slender pedicle within the uterine cavity.
3. Endometrial polyps: These are polypoid lesions resulting from excessive endometrial hyperplasia. They project into the uterine cavity, exhibiting a smooth surface and soft, fleshy consistency. Their pedicles vary in length—some are long enough to extend beyond the external cervical os, while others are relatively short.
Small polyps are often asymptomatic. Larger polyps frequently cause abnormal uterine bleeding, manifesting as menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding), prolonged menstrual periods, prolonged or irregular spotting (metrorrhagia), and recurrent postcoital bleeding. Secondary infection may lead to fever and lower abdominal pain. Diagnosis is typically achieved via gynecological examination and transvaginal ultrasound, which help identify the lesion’s location and size.
If uterine polyps are suspected, prompt medical evaluation at a hospital is recommended. Following definitive diagnosis, treatment should be undertaken per the physician’s instructions.
