Why does mumps affect fertility?

Mumps can affect fertility primarily because the mumps virus has a strong affinity for the reproductive system, especially the testes in male patients. The mumps virus may spread to the testes through the bloodstream, triggering orchitis, which damages testicular tissue and subsequently affects sperm production and quality. Statistics show that about 20% of male mumps patients may develop orchitis; if treatment is delayed or the condition is severe, testicular atrophy, reduced sperm count and quality, or even azoospermia may occur, thereby impairing fertility and potentially leading to infertility. Therefore, for patients with mumps, especially males, close monitoring of testicular conditions, timely diagnosis, and treatment are essential to maximally preserve fertility. Meanwhile, prevention of mumps is also crucial, and vaccination can effectively reduce the risk of infection.