What Causes Nosebleeds in Children?
Aug 24, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Xie Zixing
Introduction
Nosebleeds in children may result from frequent nose-picking or excessively dry nasal passages, or may be associated with “excess internal heat,” rhinitis, or sinusitis. However, recurrent nosebleeds are often caused by hematologic disorders such as thrombocytopenia, coagulation factor deficiencies, or leukemia. It is essential to take the child to the hospital for an otolaryngologic evaluation and appropriate treatment.
Nosebleeds in children are a common occurrence. They are particularly frequent during hot summer months and dry winter seasons, and some children experience recurrent nosebleeds at night—causing significant concern among many parents. So, what causes nosebleeds in children?
What Causes Nosebleeds in Children?
Nosebleeds in children may result from habitual nose-picking, excessively dry nasal passages, or conditions such as “excess internal heat” (a traditional Chinese medicine concept), rhinitis, or sinusitis. However, if nosebleeds occur frequently, they may indicate underlying hematologic disorders—including thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), coagulation factor deficiencies, or even leukemia. In such cases, it is essential to take the child to a hospital for evaluation by an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist) and to initiate appropriate treatment.
When a child experiences a nosebleed, first apply first-aid measures to stop the bleeding—for example, by applying firm pressure to the soft part of the nostrils or packing the nasal cavity with sterile gauze. Next, gently irrigate the nasal passages with normal saline to remove secretions, blood, and other debris, followed by disinfection of the nasal cavity using povidone-iodine. Once bleeding has stopped, promptly seek medical evaluation to establish a definitive diagnosis and receive targeted treatment.
When a child is experiencing a nosebleed, do not let them lie supine (on their back). In the supine position, blood may flow backward through the nasopharynx into the esophagus and stomach, only to be vomited up shortly thereafter—thus obscuring the true source and severity of the epistaxis. Instead, position the child upright or in a semi-upright posture, ensuring airway patency. Prevent blood from draining posteriorly into the oral cavity via the posterior nasal apertures, and encourage the child to spit out any blood that enters the mouth. This helps avoid gastric irritation—which could trigger nausea or vomiting—or accidental aspiration into the respiratory tract, which carries a risk of airway obstruction or choking. We hope this information proves helpful. Wishing you good health and happiness!
