What is the appropriate concentration of inhaled oxygen for type II respiratory failure?
Sep 23, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Guo Xiheng
Introduction
For type II respiratory failure, continuous low-flow oxygen therapy should be administered, with an inspired oxygen concentration <35% and an oxygen flow rate of 1–2 L/min, for more than 10 hours per day. The goal is to maintain arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) ≥60 mmHg and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) ≥90%. High-concentration oxygen must be strictly avoided during treatment, as it may lead to further carbon dioxide retention.
Type II respiratory failure should be treated with continuous low-flow oxygen therapy, with an oxygen concentration of less than 35% and an oxygen flow rate of 1–2 L/min, administered for more than 10 hours per day. The goal is to maintain arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) at or above 60 mmHg and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) at or above 90%. High-concentration oxygen must be strictly avoided during treatment, as it can lead to further carbon dioxide retention.
Type II respiratory failure occurs when airway narrowing or impaired pulmonary ventilation due to various causes results in hypoventilation, decreased arterial oxygen pressure, and carbon dioxide retention. Clinical manifestations in patients include cyanosis of the lips, rapid breathing, and possibly symptoms such as indigestion and confusion, all of which can severely compromise patient safety.
The management of Type II respiratory failure begins with actively treating the underlying condition—for example, using antibiotics if respiratory infection has triggered or worsened the condition. Ensuring airway patency is essential; bronchodilators, xanthine drugs, and nebulization may be used to relieve bronchospasm and alleviate breathlessness. Intravenous corticosteroids may be necessary in some cases. Treatment then focuses on correcting respiratory failure, typically involving low-flow oxygen supplementation along with respiratory stimulants such as nikethamide.
In cases of respiratory failure, prompt medical attention is crucial. Patients should actively cooperate with their physicians to prevent disease progression that could lead to complications such as hepatic encephalopathy or even coma.
