What are the tests for male fertility evaluation?
Dec 29, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Xueying
Introduction
If we want to have a healthy and lovely baby, we should go to the hospital for a comprehensive checkup before planning pregnancy. Not only women, but men also need to undergo examinations. Sometimes, repeated failure in conceiving is due to male reproductive issues. Conducting proper pre-pregnancy checkups can improve the efficiency of conception.
If we wish to have a healthy and adorable baby, it's important to undergo comprehensive medical checkups at the hospital before trying to conceive. These exams are necessary not only for women but also for men. Sometimes, repeated failures in conceiving may stem from issues related to male reproductive function. Conducting proper pre-pregnancy evaluations can improve conception efficiency, help detect problems early, or allow timely interventions—otherwise, valuable time may be wasted.
What Does Male Fertility Testing Involve?
1. Physical Examination: A physical exam is a method used to assess the body’s structure and functional development. Men should undergo this when being evaluated for fertility. The doctor will examine characteristics such as facial hair thickness, breast development, the penis, testicles, and especially check for varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum).
2. Semen Analysis: To evaluate male fertility potential, semen analysis is the most crucial test. It assesses semen volume, pH level, liquefaction time, sperm motility, sperm morphology (abnormality rate), seminal plasma biochemistry, and presence of sperm antibodies. This straightforward test helps identify underlying issues promptly.
3. Sex Hormone Testing: Men also need to have their hormone levels checked through a blood test known as serum sex hormone testing. This evaluates testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Low results may indicate impaired gonadal function, requiring further investigation.
4. Chromosomal Testing: In some cases, chromosomal abnormalities can lead to male infertility and may cause unexplained recurrent miscarriages or fetal demise in female partners. To avoid complications, this test should be included in preconception screening. Men should undergo peripheral blood chromosomal karyotype analysis and tests for microdeletions in Y-chromosome regions to detect any chromosomal anomalies. This is especially recommended for men with oligospermia (low sperm count) or azoospermia (no sperm).
5. Ultrasound (B-mode ultrasound): Ultrasound imaging is another essential examination focusing on several key areas. First, the testicles—ultrasound can detect testicular diseases and varicoceles, which are common causes of male infertility. Second, the prostate—some men experience hematospermia (blood in semen), making it important to check for prostate conditions, including prostate cancer.
With societal advancement and improved living standards, an increasing number of men are experiencing fertility-related issues. If infertility is diagnosed, it's vital to identify the underlying cause and receive targeted treatment accordingly. When undergoing treatment for infertility, maintaining a positive mindset and committing to continuous care are essential—do not give up halfway.
