What are the different types of stone surgery?

Common surgical methods for stone removal include laparoscopic surgery, open surgery, ureteroscopic surgery, endoscopic surgery, and laser lithotripsy.

1. Laparoscopic Surgery

This is a minimally invasive surgical technique in which a laparoscope and pyeloscope are inserted into the body cavity to directly visualize and manipulate the stones. Surgeons can use laparoscopic instruments and lasers to fragment or remove the stones.

2. Open Surgery

For larger or more complex stones, traditional open surgery may be required. The surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen or flank to directly access the abdominal cavity or kidney and remove or fragment the stones.

3. Ureteroscopic Surgery

In this procedure, a ureteroscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder and ureter to directly visualize and treat the stones. The surgeon can use specialized instruments to break up the stones or remove them through the urethra.

4. Endoscopic Surgery

Endoscopic surgery involves using instruments or lasers introduced through the urethra into the bladder and ureter to perform procedures. The surgeon uses the endoscope to destroy or extract the stones.

5. Laser Lithotripsy

For larger stones, laser lithotripsy can be used to break the stones into smaller fragments so they can pass naturally through the urinary tract. A high-energy laser beam is emitted by the device to directly target and fragment the stones.

The choice of surgical method depends on the size, location, number of stones, and the patient’s specific condition. Doctors will evaluate each case individually and discuss the most appropriate surgical option with the patient. If in doubt, it is recommended to consult a qualified physician for advice.