What type of antigen does Rh antigen belong to?

Mar 28, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Heyang

Introduction

RH antigens usually belong to alloantigens. Alloantigens generally refer to substances that exhibit antigenic differences between individuals of the same species. In addition, during blood transfusion, RH antigen testing is typically required. If the blood types are compatible, transfusion can usually proceed; however, if the blood types are incompatible, transfusion should not be performed as it may trigger a rejection reaction.

RH antigens typically belong to alloantigens.

Alloantigens generally refer to substances that exhibit antigenic differences between individuals of the same species. Research has shown that immune serum obtained by immunizing with red blood cells from rhesus monkeys can cause agglutination with some human red blood cells, proving that rhesus monkeys and humans share identical antigen components on their red blood cell membranes. These shared components are known as RH antigens. Since rhesus monkeys and humans belong to the same species category, RH antigens are classified as alloantigens.

RH antigens are generally categorized as positive or negative. When D antigens are present on the surface of human red blood cells, the individual is typically RH-positive; if D antigens are absent, the individual is typically RH-negative. RH-positive blood type is more common, whereas RH-negative blood type is relatively rare and is often referred to as "Panda Blood."

In addition, RH antigen testing is generally required before blood transfusion. Individuals with compatible blood types can usually receive transfusions safely, but transfusions between incompatible types are generally not allowed, as they may trigger immune rejection reactions.

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