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What are the symptoms of nitrite poisoning?

Mar 28, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Shuwen
Introduction
In general, nitrite poisoning typically presents symptoms such as cyanosis, nausea, headache, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. Nitrite poisoning primarily impairs the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin, leading to hypoxia. If severe, the affected individual may develop cyanosis of the skin, mucous membranes, and lips due to lack of oxygen. Treatment with medication can be administered under a doctor's guidance.

Generally, nitrite poisoning typically presents symptoms such as cyanosis, nausea, headache, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Cyanosis

Nitrite poisoning primarily impairs the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin, leading to hypoxia. When oxygen supply is insufficient, affected individuals may develop cyanosis—characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and lips—due to lack of oxygen. Under medical guidance, medications such as Yin Qiao Jie Du Wan (Honeysuckle and Forsythia Pills) or azathioprine tablets may be used for treatment.

2. Nausea

Digestive tract symptoms are common in nitrite poisoning, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which result from tissue hypoxia in the gastrointestinal tract caused by nitrites. Medications such as lactic acid bacillus tablets or gentamicin sulfate tablets may be taken under medical supervision.

3. Headache

Patients with nitrite poisoning often experience headaches, possibly accompanied by lethargy and fatigue. Treatment under medical guidance may include methylene blue injection or vitamin C tablets.

4. Chest Tightness

Nitrite poisoning can cause vasodilation, including dilation of the coronary arteries. This vasodilation may reduce cardiac contractility and coronary perfusion pressure, thereby decreasing oxygen supply to the heart and increasing cardiac workload. These changes can lead to myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in a sensation of chest tightness. Patients may use Si Jun Zi Granules (Four Gentlemen Granules) or Yikang Capsules under a doctor's direction.

5. Difficulty Breathing

Nitrite poisoning can trigger the release of nitrogen oxides such as nitric oxide, causing bronchial and pulmonary vasodilation. This may lead to airway spasms and obstruction, resulting in breathing difficulties. Respiratory distress may arise from inadequate ventilation, reduced oxygen uptake, and impaired carbon dioxide elimination. Under medical supervision, patients may use budesonide inhalation aerosol or atropine sulfate injection.

In addition, nitrite poisoning may also cause decreased blood pressure, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and chest pain. It is advisable to avoid exposure to nitrites whenever possible. If nitrite poisoning occurs, prompt medical attention is recommended to prevent worsening of the condition.


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