What are the pathological types of acute myeloid leukemia?
May 05, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhang Heyang
Introduction
Acute myeloid leukemia is an immune system disorder caused by dysregulation of bone marrow cell differentiation and proliferation. Its pathological types include acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, among others. The development of these leukemias is associated with various factors such as chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, immune system dysfunction, and environmental influences. Patients should seek prompt medical attention to prevent disease progression.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) includes pathological subtypes such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, and small-cell acute myeloid leukemia. The details are as follows:
1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an immune system disorder caused by dysregulation of lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation. Lymphoblasts normally differentiate into various types of lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells. In patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, however, lymphoblasts fail to mature properly into functional lymphocytes and instead undergo abnormal proliferation and accumulation, leading to the development of leukemia.
2. Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia
Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia is an immune system disorder resulting from dysregulated differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Under normal conditions, these stem and progenitor cells can differentiate into various blood cell lineages, ensuring continuous production and renewal of blood cells. In patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, this differentiation process is blocked, and normal regulatory mechanisms are lost, contributing to disease onset.
3. Small-Cell Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Leukemia is associated with multiple factors, including chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, immune system dysfunction, and environmental influences. Most patients with small-cell acute myeloid leukemia exhibit chromosomal translocations and mutations in multiple genes. These abnormalities disrupt the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, ultimately triggering the development of leukemia.
In addition to the above, acute promyelocytic leukemia is another pathological subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. Patients suspected of having this condition should seek prompt medical attention to prevent disease progression.
