What causes bleeding before and after menstruation?
May 13, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lv Aiming
Introduction
Bleeding before or after menstruation may be caused by bacterial vaginosis, cervicitis, endometritis, or other reasons, and treatment should be selected under a doctor's guidance based on the underlying cause. Besides these causes, it could also result from endometrial polyps. Patients should maintain good personal hygiene, and if symptoms do not improve, they should seek medical attention promptly.
Generally, bleeding before or after menstruation may be caused by bacterial vaginosis, cervicitis, endometritis, or other conditions. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Bacterial Vaginosis
If a person has bacterial vaginosis, excessive inflammatory stimulation of the vaginal mucosa can cause congestion and swelling. In severe cases, it may even lead to mucosal rupture and bleeding. Treatment should follow medical advice using medications such as metronidazole suppositories, tinidazole suppositories, or clindamycin phosphate ester suppositories.
2. Cervicitis
Cervicitis causes inflammatory changes in the cervix. Even minor stimulation may result in rupture of capillaries in the cervical area, leading to symptoms such as lower back and abdominal pain, and irregular vaginal bleeding. Treatment involves taking medications such as amoxicillin capsules, levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules, or azithromycin capsules under a doctor's guidance.
3. Endometritis
If bacteria invade the endometrium and trigger inflammation, it can cause abnormal shedding of the endometrial lining, resulting in vaginal bleeding. Other symptoms may include lower abdominal pain, increased menstrual flow, and fever. Treatment may involve taking antibiotics such as cefuroxime axetil tablets, metronidazole tablets, or enteric-coated erythromycin tablets as directed by a physician.
In addition to the above causes, irregular bleeding may also be triggered by endometrial polyps, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, or other conditions. Patients should maintain good personal hygiene, and if symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly.
