What causes bleeding before and after menstruation, and what should be done about it?
May 26, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhao Xiaodong
Introduction
In general, bleeding before or after menstruation may be caused by hormonal fluctuations, cervicitis, vaginitis, endometritis, endometrial polyps, or other factors, and requires symptomatic treatment. Bleeding around the menstrual period can also result from a continuous rise in hormone levels that promotes egg maturation and triggers ovulation, which is a normal physiological phenomenon and does not require special treatment.
Generally, bleeding before or after menstruation may be caused by hormonal fluctuations, cervicitis, vaginitis, endometritis, endometrial polyps, and other factors, requiring symptomatic treatment. The specific analysis is as follows:
1. Hormonal fluctuations
Bleeding before or after menstruation may result from sustained increases in hormone levels that promote egg maturation and trigger ovulation. This is a normal physiological phenomenon and does not require special treatment.
2. Cervicitis
Infections caused by organisms such as Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and anaerobic bacteria can lead to cervicitis. Inflammatory factors may stimulate the mucous membrane of the cervical canal, causing abnormal bleeding and resulting in the aforementioned symptoms. Medications such as cefixime capsules or levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules may be used under medical guidance.
3. Vaginitis
If the vaginal area is invaded by external pathogens, the natural balance of vaginal flora may be disrupted, leading to vaginitis. This may cause damage to the vaginal mucosa and result in the symptom. Treatments may include tinidazole suppositories or metronidazole tablets, used as directed by a physician.
4. Endometritis
Endometritis is an inflammation of the endometrium, usually caused by bacterial infection. This inflammation may lead to uneven thickening of the endometrium and disruption of its normal shedding pattern, resulting in irregular bleeding, including bleeding before or after menstruation. Patients may take medications such as Fule tablets or Jin'gangteng capsules under a doctor's supervision.
5. Endometrial polyps
Endometrial polyps are small, polyp-like growths formed by endometrial tissue on the uterine wall. These polyps may destabilize the endometrium and make it prone to bleeding. Around the menstrual period, blood vessels on the polyps may rupture during the process of endometrial shedding and repair, causing bleeding. Patients should visit a qualified hospital where polyps can be surgically removed.
It is recommended that patients seek timely medical attention when experiencing discomfort and receive standardized treatment under professional guidance to facilitate recovery.
