Which indicator should be checked for iron deficiency?

Under normal circumstances, iron deficiency can be assessed by indicators such as serum iron, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Serum Iron

Serum iron refers to the level of free iron in the blood. In healthy adults, the normal concentration of serum iron typically ranges between 10 μmol/L and 30 μmol/L. In cases of iron deficiency, serum iron levels decrease, making it a useful indicator for detecting iron deficiency. However, it should be noted that serum iron levels are influenced by various factors such as diet, medications, and diseases; therefore, this parameter should be interpreted in conjunction with other indicators.

2. Transferrin Saturation

Transferrin saturation indicates the proportion of transferrin that is bound to iron in the blood—the maximum capacity of transferrin to bind iron. Transferrin is the protein responsible for transporting iron between the blood and tissues, and its saturation reflects how much iron is bound to it. In iron deficiency, transferrin saturation is often reduced, indicating insufficient iron availability in the body.

3. Serum Ferritin

Serum ferritin is a plasma protein primarily responsible for iron transport and storage in the body. In iron-deficient states, serum ferritin levels typically decrease, making it a reliable indicator of depleted iron stores.

In addition to the above, hemoglobin levels can also be used to assess iron deficiency. However, changes in these indicators alone cannot serve as definitive diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency. A comprehensive evaluation, including patient history, clinical symptoms, and other test results, is necessary for an accurate diagnosis.