What are the emergency treatment principles for acute poisoning?
May 16, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Shuwen
Introduction
If the patient's clothing is contaminated with toxic substances, all clothing and footwear should be removed immediately. Any toxic material on the skin should be promptly rinsed off with clean water. The patient should also be moved from the contaminated environment to a well-ventilated area. If there is stomach content in the mouth, put on gloves and clear it away. Additionally, large amounts of milk or water may be administered to induce vomiting.
The management of acute poisoning should follow principles such as avoiding exposure to the toxic substance, maintaining airway patency, and inducing vomiting. Specific measures are as follows:
1. Avoid contact with the toxic substance
If the patient's clothing is contaminated with poison, remove all clothing, shoes, and socks immediately. If the skin is contaminated, promptly wash it thoroughly with clean water to prevent absorption of the toxin through the skin.
2. Maintain airway patency
First, move the patient from the contaminated environment to a well-ventilated area. If there is gastric contents in the mouth, wear gloves and manually clear the oral cavity to maintain an open airway. If oxygen is available, administer oxygen immediately.
3. Induce vomiting
If the patient has ingested a large amount of poison, immediately pour large amounts of clean water or milk into the mouth to induce vomiting. Alternatively, use a tongue depressor to press down on the base of the tongue to stimulate vomiting.
In addition to the above measures, ensure adequate ventilation and immediately call emergency medical services. In cases of acute poisoning, the patient must be promptly transported to a hospital for detoxification treatment. Physicians may perform gastric lavage or plasma exchange, among other treatments.
