What causes bleeding and abdominal pain immediately after inserting an IUD, and what should be done?

Immediate bleeding and abdominal pain after insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) may be caused by physiological factors or pathological conditions, such as hormonal imbalance or cervicitis. Targeted treatment is required, with specific analysis as follows:

I. Physiological Factors

An IUD is a foreign body, and the body requires an adaptation period after its placement in the uterus. The uterus reacts to this foreign object by attempting to expel it through strong contractions, which can lead to bleeding and abdominal pain immediately after IUD insertion. Generally, no special treatment is needed; symptoms typically resolve on their own once the body adjusts.

II. Pathological Factors

1. Hormonal Imbalance

After IUD insertion, if the body fails to adapt to the device, hormonal disturbances may occur, leading to such symptoms. Under a doctor's guidance, medications such as ethinylestradiol cyproterone acetate tablets or dydrogesterone tablets may be prescribed for treatment.

2. Cervicitis

Cervicitis may result from infection or injury to the cervix during the IUD insertion procedure. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and increased vaginal discharge. Therefore, cervicitis could also cause these symptoms. Treatment under medical supervision may include antibiotics such as cefixime capsules or roxithromycin dispersible tablets.

In addition to the above, endometritis, uterine polyps, and cervical erosion may also cause similar symptoms. It is important to seek timely medical evaluation at a hospital to identify the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment promptly.