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What are the implications of being negative for封闭性抗体 (blocking antibodies) during pregnancy?

Oct 11, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lv Aiming
Introduction
Negative blocking antibodies during pregnancy may lead to habitual abortion, fetal arrest, ectopic pregnancy, hemolytic diseases, and an increased risk of positive antibody production. Blocking antibodies are protective antibodies normally present in the serum of healthy pregnant women. When these antibodies are absent, they fail to protect the embryo, leading to immune rejection and consequently causing habitual miscarriage.

In general, a negative result for blocking antibodies during pregnancy may lead to habitual abortion, fetal arrest, ectopic pregnancy, hemolytic diseases, and an increased risk of developing positive antibodies. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Habitual Abortion

Blocking antibodies are protective antibodies normally present in the serum of healthy pregnant women. When these antibodies are absent, the mother's body cannot adequately protect the embryo, leading to immune rejection and potentially resulting in habitual abortion.

2. Fetal Arrest

Blocking antibodies are specific antibodies against paternal lymphocytes. A negative test indicates a deficiency of these antibodies in the body, which may impair blood circulation at the interface between the placenta and embryonic tissues, affecting fetal growth and development, and ultimately leading to fetal arrest.

3. Ectopic Pregnancy

During pregnancy, abnormal blocking antibody levels may cause the fertilized egg to implant outside the uterine cavity, resulting in ectopic pregnancy. This can lead to fallopian tube rupture and severe hemorrhage, posing serious risks to the mother's health.

4. Hemolytic Diseases

Pregnant women with negative blocking antibodies may face immune-related issues due to the lack of certain protective antibodies. A common example is Rh-negative mothers carrying an Rh-positive fetus, which may trigger Rh immunization and lead to prenatal or postnatal hemolytic disease.

5. Increased Risk of Positive Antibody Production

Pregnant women with negative blocking antibodies may be exposed to foreign antigens during pregnancy—such as through blood transfusion or organ transplantation—potentially triggering immune responses and the production of harmful positive antibodies, which could negatively affect the current or future pregnancies.

It is recommended that patients with negative blocking antibodies consult physicians at a qualified medical institution before planning pregnancy. Immunotherapy should be considered under medical guidance to increase blocking antibody levels. Once blocking antibodies become positive, attempts at conception can proceed, improving the chances of a successful pregnancy. Regular hospital check-ups and continued treatment during pregnancy are essential to ensure stability and safety throughout gestation.


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