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What causes sudden retinal bleeding without warning signs?

Sep 17, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Cui Xin
Introduction
Unexplained retinal bleeding may be caused by eye strain, keratitis, retinal tears, retinal vasculitis, diabetic retinopathy, or other conditions, and may also result from systemic diseases such as hypertension or retinal vein occlusion. If patients experience symptoms like eye pain or blurred vision, prompt medical evaluation and appropriate treatment are recommended.

Generally speaking, unexplained retinal bleeding may be caused by factors such as eye strain, keratitis, retinal tears, retinal vasculitis, or diabetic retinopathy. If the patient also experiences eye pain, prompt medical attention and appropriate treatment are recommended. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Eye Strain

If a patient frequently stays up late, works overtime, or spends prolonged periods looking at mobile phones, it may lead to excessive eye fatigue, which can easily cause subconjunctival hemorrhage. If the subconjunctival hemorrhage is minor and isolated without other associated conditions, special treatment may not be necessary—observation alone is sufficient.

2. Keratitis

When the cornea's defensive ability weakens and is exposed to external irritants, inflammatory reactions in the corneal tissue may occur, leading to keratitis. This condition causes ocular congestion and symptoms such as eye pain, photophobia (light sensitivity), and tearing. In such cases, patients may follow medical advice to use ophthalmic solutions such as levofloxacin eye drops, tobramycin eye drops, or acyclovir eye drops to relieve discomfort.

3. Retinal Tear

A retinal tear occurs when localized defects develop in the retina. Degenerative changes in both the retina and the vitreous body may exert traction on the retina, causing it to tear. This can result in sudden, unexplained retinal bleeding. This condition is typically not treated with oral medications. Instead, laser photocoagulation to seal the retinal tear or scleral buckling surgery may be performed.

4. Retinal Vasculitis

Retinal vasculitis refers to inflammation of the blood vessels in the retina and may be associated with infections, autoimmune diseases, genetic factors, or other causes. Patients may experience symptoms such as blurred vision, retinal bleeding, and floaters. It is recommended that patients receive treatment under medical supervision using medications such as prednisone acetate tablets or methylprednisolone tablets.

5. Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy primarily results from damage to the retinal microvasculature due to diabetes, leading to microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, and other pathological changes. Symptoms may include decreased vision, visual distortion, micropsia (objects appearing smaller), and floaters. Under medical guidance, patients may be treated with medications such as metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets or acarbose tablets.

In addition, unexplained retinal bleeding may also be caused by conditions such as hypertension or retinal vein occlusion. Patients are advised to seek timely hospital evaluation to determine the exact underlying cause and receive active, guided treatment.

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