Why is p16 positive when HPV is negative?

Generally, P16 positivity indicates HPV16 infection, also known as human papillomavirus type 16 infection, which is closely associated with cervical cancer development. HPV-negative but P16-positive results may be caused by low immunity, repeated invasive procedures, unhealthy behaviors, inflammatory infections, or abnormal cell proliferation. Patients are advised to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Low Immunity

Low immunity means the body's ability to resist pathogenic microorganisms is reduced, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Long-term use of immunosuppressive agents or having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may lead to HPV-negative but P16-positive status. Immunity can be improved through healthy eating habits and regular exercise. If immune function remains persistently low, prompt medical consultation and targeted treatments are recommended.

2. Repeated Invasive Procedures

Repeated invasive procedures such as abortions, difficult deliveries, excessive childbirths, or vaginal assisted deliveries can cause cervical injury and are major contributors to HPV-negative but P16-positive status. Treatments may include medications such as imiquimod cream, Fuke Qianjin tablets, or fluorouracil cream, used under a doctor’s guidance.

3. Unhealthy Behaviors

Unhealthy and unhygienic behaviors are primary causes of HPV-negative but P16-positive status. These include initiating sexual activity before age 16, early marriage, early pregnancy, overly frequent sexual intercourse, or having multiple sexual partners. Patients are advised to engage in moderate physical exercise such as hiking or swimming, which helps strengthen the body and supports recovery from disease.

4. Inflammatory Infection

When the cervix is infected by bacteria, an inflammatory response may occur, potentially leading to HPV-negative but P16-positive results. Under inflammatory stimulation, patients may experience increased vaginal discharge or abnormal bleeding. Treatment options under medical supervision may include oral medications such as levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules, azithromycin capsules, or Baofukang suppositories.

5. Abnormal Cell Proliferation

Abnormal cell proliferation refers to uncontrolled cell growth without normal external chemical signaling. Malignant proliferation of cells leading to malignant tumors may result in HPV-negative but P16-positive findings, indicating infection with high-risk viruses. For such cases, curettage of the affected area may achieve therapeutic effect; if the lesion is large, bone grafting may be performed after thorough curettage.

Patients are advised to maintain regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and adequate intake of vitamins.