What is psychological therapy for school refusal, and what can be done about it?

In general, psychological treatment for school aversion should be based on the specific underlying causes, such as difficulty adapting to the learning environment, excessive academic pressure, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorder, depression, and others. If experiencing any distressing symptoms, it is recommended to seek timely medical help. The detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Difficulty Adapting to the Learning Environment

Difficulty adjusting to the learning environment may lead to school aversion and emotional distress. For example, an unfriendly school atmosphere, teaching methods that do not accommodate individual differences, or insufficient learning resources may all cause students to lose interest in studying. It is advisable to communicate with teachers and school administrators, express concerns and needs regarding the learning environment, and offer suggestions for improvement.

2. Excessive Academic Pressure

In highly competitive academic environments, students may experience significant stress. If a student feels unable to measure up to peers or fears losing a competitive edge, they may develop negative emotions such as disinterest in school, confusion, and tension. It is important to set realistic and achievable academic goals. Avoid excessive pursuit of perfection or constant comparison with others. Set personal goals and focus on individual progress and growth.

3. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD may be caused by abnormal brain development. Individuals with ADHD often struggle to maintain concentration and are easily distracted. This makes it difficult to stay focused during study sessions and increases susceptibility to external distractions. Persistent attention difficulties can lead to poor academic performance, which in turn may trigger feelings of school aversion, frustration, and impulsivity. Treatment may include medications such as atomoxetine hydrochloride capsules, methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets, or bupropion hydrochloride tablets, taken under medical supervision.

4. Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety disorder may arise from individual psychological factors. Individuals with anxiety often exhibit negative thought patterns, such as excessive worry, self-doubt, and pessimistic expectations. These cognitive distortions can negatively affect attitudes toward learning and reduce motivation, leading to feelings of aversion and avoidance toward school. Medications such as lorazepam tablets, amitriptyline hydrochloride tablets, or oxazepam tablets may be prescribed under a doctor's guidance.

5. Depression

Depression is closely associated with certain personality traits. Individuals with depression often feel fatigued and lack energy. They may find it difficult to concentrate or sustain attention. This persistent fatigue and low energy can impair academic performance, resulting in feelings of disinterest in school, self-blame, and sadness. Treatment may include medications such as maprotiline hydrochloride tablets, venlafaxine hydrochloride sustained-release capsules, or mirtazapine tablets, taken as directed by a physician.

In daily life, it is recommended to explore hobbies and interests related to learning. Try different subjects, fields, or topics to discover what genuinely engages you. This can enhance enjoyment and motivation in learning.