What causes sharp, elongated tissue growth on the tongue, and what should be done about it?

Sharp, elongated tissue growths on the surface of the tongue may result from normal anatomical structures, tongue usage habits, oral ulcers, lingual papillitis, or genital warts. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate treatment under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Normal anatomical structure: Certain specialized areas on the tongue, such as circumvallate papillae, are located on the dorsal surface of the tongue and typically number between 7 and 9, arranged in a V-shaped pattern. These papillae contain taste buds responsible for taste sensation. If the sharp tissue growth corresponds to circumvallate papillae and no other discomfort is present, it may represent a normal physiological structure requiring no special intervention.

2. Tongue usage habits: Specific habits such as consistently pressing the tongue against teeth or repeatedly rubbing a particular area may lead to localized tissue hyperplasia, resulting in the aforementioned symptoms. It is advisable to correct these habits and avoid prolonged friction or pressure on specific parts of the tongue.

3. Oral ulcers: These may be associated with genetic factors or consumption of spicy foods. The condition often causes localized defects in the oral mucosa. Recurrent ulceration may stimulate tissue overgrowth, forming sharp, elongated projections. Patients may experience accompanying symptoms such as redness, swelling, and pain at the site. It is recommended that patients use medications such as chlorhexidine mouthwash, Kangfuxin solution, or oral ulcer powder as directed by a physician.

4. Lingual papillitis: This may be caused by bacterial infection or misuse of antibiotics. Inflammation can lead to edema, bleeding, and swelling of the lingual papillae, causing the observed symptoms. Patients may also experience pain and redness. Treatment may include medications such as lincomycin-lidocaine gel, amoxicillin capsules, or metronidazole tablets, used under medical supervision.

5. Genital warts (condyloma acuminatum): This is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). When the virus infects the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, it may cause lesions on the oral mucosa, lingual frenulum, or lateral edges of the tongue, appearing as sharp, fleshy projections. Patients should follow medical advice and may be treated with recombinant human interferon α2b injection, thymopeptide enteric-coated tablets, or transfer factor injection to alleviate symptoms.

In daily life, patients are advised to maintain good local hygiene, avoid consuming irritating or spicy foods such as chili peppers and Sichuan pepper, and drink plenty of warm water to support recovery.