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What are the causes of thrombocytopenia?

May 25, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Huang Shichang
Introduction
Thrombocytopenia may be caused by various factors, and treatment options often include addressing malnutrition, aplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, hypersplenism, or drug-related causes. Patients are advised to follow medical instructions for symptomatic treatment. Individuals with low platelet counts should consume a well-balanced, easily digestible soft diet. They should also minimize physical activity and avoid injuries from bumps or collisions.

In general, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) may be caused by various factors. Common considerations include malnutrition, aplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), leukemia, and hypersplenism, among others. Patients are advised to follow medical guidance for symptomatic treatment. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Malnutrition

Insufficient dietary intake of essential nutrients can lead to inadequate raw materials for hematopoiesis, resulting in reduced platelet production. This condition may also present with weight loss, emaciation, and decreased body fat. Adjusting the diet to include high-quality proteins and supplementing nutrients such as folic acid and vitamin B12 can help promote platelet production.

2. Hypersplenism

Hypersplenism is mainly characterized by splenomegaly (enlarged spleen) and reduced blood cell counts. In this condition, a large number of platelets become sequestered in the spleen, leading to a relative decrease in circulating platelets. Treatment may include surgical removal of the spleen (splenectomy), depending on the individual's clinical situation.

3. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

The exact cause of ITP remains unclear, but it may be associated with immune system dysfunction, genetic factors, or other triggers. Common symptoms include low platelet counts, petechiae (small skin bruises), and bleeding tendencies. Patients are typically treated under medical supervision with medications such as dexamethasone tablets, prednisone acetate tablets, or dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection.

4. Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia may be related to viral infections, exposure to toxic chemicals, immune abnormalities, radiation, or gene mutations. The disease commonly presents with thrombocytopenia, along with symptoms such as petechiae and gum bleeding. Under medical guidance, patients may use medications like testosterone propionate injection, testosterone undecanoate soft capsules, or stanozolol tablets to stimulate blood cell production and alleviate symptoms.

5. Leukemia

Leukemia may be triggered by factors such as immune dysfunction, ionizing radiation, exposure to certain chemicals, or genetic predisposition. It often presents with low platelet counts, as well as symptoms like fever, cough, and skin rashes. Targeted therapies prescribed by physicians may include drugs such as dasatinib tablets, imatinib mesylate capsules, and everolimus tablets.

Diet for individuals with thrombocytopenia should consist of nutritionally balanced, easily digestible soft foods. Additionally, physical activity should be minimized to reduce the risk of injury and trauma.

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