Why does gum recession occur after orthodontic treatment?

Gingival recession after orthodontic treatment may be caused by pressure from orthodontic appliances, poor oral hygiene, drug irritation, malnutrition, and other factors. Management should be based on the specific cause. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Pressure from orthodontic appliances: During orthodontic treatment, the forces applied to move teeth may exert pressure on the gums. Prolonged localized pressure can reduce blood flow to the gum tissue, leading to gingival recession. It is recommended to attend regular follow-up appointments to ensure proper adjustment of the orthodontic appliances and avoid excessive pressure.

2. Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate oral hygiene allows plaque and tartar to accumulate along the gumline, causing chronic gingivitis. Persistent inflammation can ultimately result in destruction and recession of gum tissue. It is advised to strengthen oral hygiene practices, undergo regular professional cleanings, and use antimicrobial mouth rinses.

3. Drug-induced irritation: Medications used during orthodontic treatment may interfere with normal metabolism of gum tissue, leading to gingival recession. Follow medical advice to adjust medication dosage or switch medications; periodontal therapy may be necessary when indicated.

4. Malnutrition: Deficiency in essential nutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin D may impair gum health and contribute to gingival recession. A balanced diet rich in adequate nutrients—including vegetables, fruits, and meats—is recommended.

5. Chronic periodontitis: If left uncontrolled during orthodontic treatment, inflammation can worsen, resulting in damage to the gums and alveolar bone, thereby accelerating gingival recession. Follow medical recommendations for procedures such as scaling and root planing to promptly control disease progression.

If gingival recession occurs, it is advisable to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment as directed by a healthcare professional.