What causes low progesterone levels?

In general, low progesterone levels may be caused by factors such as different phases of the menstrual cycle, aging, thyroid dysfunction, luteal phase deficiency, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). If you experience any discomfort, please seek medical attention promptly. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Different phases of the menstrual cycle

Progesterone levels in women naturally fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle. After ovulation, if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates and progesterone levels decrease. This is typically a normal physiological phenomenon and does not require special treatment.

2. Aging

With increasing age, ovarian function gradually declines and the number of follicles decreases, leading to reduced ability of the corpus luteum to produce hormones, resulting in lower progesterone levels. It is recommended to maintain a balanced diet, engage in moderate exercise, and avoid staying up late.

3. Thyroid dysfunction

Thyroid dysfunction may result from excessive iodine intake, immune system abnormalities, and other causes. Such dysfunction affects the entire endocrine system, indirectly disrupting ovarian hormone secretion—including low progesterone levels—and may also lead to symptoms such as weight loss and anxiety. Medications such as methimazole tablets, propylthiouracil tablets, and levothyroxine sodium tablets can be used under the guidance of a qualified physician.

4. Luteal phase deficiency

Luteal phase deficiency is mainly caused by insufficient progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum and poor endometrial receptivity. Poor development or premature regression of the corpus luteum leads to progesterone levels below the normal range, potentially causing infertility or early miscarriage. Treatment may include medications such as dydrogesterone tablets, progesterone capsules, or compound estradiol tablets, as prescribed by a doctor.

5. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is an endocrine disorder that disrupts normal ovulation in the ovaries. Patients often have insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, which affect follicular maturation and corpus luteum formation, leading to low progesterone levels. Symptoms may include hirsutism and acne. Under professional medical advice, medications such as dexamethasone tablets, finasteride tablets, or flutamide tablets may be used for treatment.

Maintain a balanced diet rich in fresh vegetables, fruits, and protein-containing foods such as fish, meat, and eggs.