How to remove closed comedones

Generally, closed comedones refer to whiteheads. Whiteheads may be caused by poor lifestyle habits, excessive keratinization, overproduction of sebum, medication effects, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other factors. Treatments such as photorejuvenation, chemical peels with fruit acids, microneedling, general care, and medical therapy can be used under the guidance of a physician. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Poor Lifestyle Habits

Habits such as frequent late nights, irregular diet, and lack of physical activity can lead to endocrine imbalances, which in turn affect skin sebum secretion and metabolism, making pores prone to clogging and resulting in whiteheads. It's important to correct unhealthy habits and maintain regular sleep patterns and dietary routines. Photorejuvenation may also be performed under the supervision of a qualified doctor. This treatment uses specific broadband spectrum light to directly illuminate the skin surface, promoting the expulsion of oil and impurities from pores, thereby improving acne conditions. The typical cost for photorejuvenation ranges from 3,000 to 6,000 yuan per session. Improvement is usually visible within 1–2 weeks, although side effects such as dryness, burns, infections, or allergic reactions may occur.

2. Excessive Keratin Layer Thickness

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin. When this layer becomes too thick, it can block pores and prevent normal sebum drainage, leading to whiteheads. In daily skincare, exfoliating products can be used to regularly remove dead skin cells. It is recommended to undergo glycolic acid peels under professional medical supervision. This procedure involves applying high-concentration fruit acids to the skin surface to promote shedding of the old keratinized layer and accelerate the turnover rate of keratinocytes and epidermal cells, resulting in smoother, finer skin. The typical cost for chemical peels ranges from 1,000 to 3,000 yuan per session, with improvements generally seen after 1–3 months. However, possible side effects include skin irritation and allergic reactions.

3. Excessive Sebum Production

Sebaceous glands in the skin naturally produce oil to lubricate and protect the skin. However, when too much oil is produced, pores become easily clogged, leading to whiteheads. Using oil-control skincare products can help reduce sebum production. Microneedling treatment can be administered under the guidance of a dermatologist. This technique uses tiny needles rolled across the skin to create microscopic channels, allowing active ingredients to penetrate more effectively while stimulating skin metabolism and accelerating the removal of oil and debris from pores, thus improving acne. The typical cost for microneedling ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 yuan per session, with visible improvement usually occurring within 15–30 days. Possible side effects include mild redness, bleeding, and stinging sensations.

4. Medication Effects

Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, may increase sebum production when taken long-term, contributing to the formation of whiteheads. This may be accompanied by symptoms such as weight gain and hirsutism (excessive hair growth). Adjusting or discontinuing these medications should only be done under medical supervision to help restore normal skin function.

5. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS may be related to genetic and hormonal abnormalities. This condition can stimulate sebaceous glands to produce excess oil, leading to whiteheads. Symptoms may include menstrual irregularities and infertility. Treatment typically involves prescription medications such as clomiphene citrate tablets, dydrogesterone tablets, and acarbose tablets, as directed by a physician.

It is recommended to visit a reputable medical facility and receive treatments under the supervision of qualified professionals to ensure both effectiveness and safety. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle—including regular sleep schedules, balanced nutrition, and moderate exercise—is essential. Proper skin cleansing and moisturizing are also important, along with avoiding overly oily skincare products, to minimize excessive sebum production and reduce the risk of pore blockage.