How to completely remove closed comedones on the face

Generally speaking, there is no definitive method to completely eliminate closed comedones (closed acne) on the face. Closed comedones may be caused by various factors such as improper diet, inadequate skin cleansing, thickened stratum corneum, folliculitis, or seborrheic dermatitis. Treatments including microneedling, red and blue light therapy, chemical peels with fruit acids, and medication can be performed under the guidance of a physician. It is recommended to visit a reputable medical facility and undergo procedures under professional supervision to ensure both effectiveness and safety. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Improper Diet

Long-term consumption of high-sugar and high-fat foods may stimulate sebaceous glands to produce excess sebum, increasing the risk of developing closed comedones. Maintaining a balanced diet and avoiding excessive intake of spicy or stimulating foods is advised. Microneedling therapy may also be considered under medical supervision. This treatment uses tiny needles on a roller to create micro-channels in the skin, activating the skin’s natural repair mechanisms and regulating metabolism to improve skin texture. The typical reference cost for microneedling is 1,000–2,500 RMB per session. Improvement is usually observed within 2–3 weeks, although side effects such as minor bleeding or redness may occur.

2. Inadequate Cleansing

Incomplete facial cleansing over time may lead to clogged pores due to accumulated oil and dead skin cells, resulting in closed comedones. It is recommended to select appropriate cleansers based on individual skin type and cleanse the face morning and night. Red and blue light therapy, as advised by a doctor, may also be beneficial. This therapy uses specific wavelengths of red and blue light to kill bacteria, reduce inflammation, regulate sebum production, and improve acne symptoms. The typical reference cost is 1,000–2,000 RMB per session, with noticeable improvement often seen within 1–2 weeks. Possible side effects include dryness and mild discomfort.

3. Thickened Stratum Corneum

An excessively thick layer of dead skin cells on the face can block the normal release of sebum, leading to clogged pores and closed comedones. Regular use of gentle exfoliating products can help maintain clear and hydrated skin. Chemical peels with fruit acids (glycolic acid) may also be performed under a doctor’s recommendation. This treatment uses high-concentration fruit acids to promote shedding of dead skin cells and accelerate cellular turnover, improving skin texture and reducing comedones. The typical reference cost is 500–1,500 RMB per session, with visible results usually appearing within 1–2 weeks. Possible side effects include stinging sensations and redness.

4. Folliculitis

Folliculitis is commonly caused by bacterial infection. Inflammation of hair follicles can block follicular openings, potentially leading to closed comedones. Symptoms often include papules and itching. Treatment under medical guidance may include topical medications such as erythromycin ointment, mupirocin ointment, or fusidic acid cream.

5. Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis may result from genetic factors or microbial infections. The inflammatory response can compromise the skin barrier, leading to the aforementioned symptoms. It may be accompanied by oily skin and itching. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include ketoconazole shampoo, selenium sulfide shampoo, or oral vitamin B2 tablets.

Maintaining proper skin hygiene and reducing intake of high-sugar and high-fat foods are important for promoting skin recovery.