What are the symptoms of azoospermia in men?

Male azoospermia generally refers to a pathological condition in which no sperm are found upon semen analysis. Its main symptoms include infertility, absence or reduction of secondary sexual characteristics, scrotal abnormalities, abnormal semen, and sexual dysfunction. If any abnormalities occur, timely medical consultation is recommended. Specific details are as follows:

1. Infertility: The most direct symptom is male infertility—despite regular unprotected sexual intercourse, the female partner fails to conceive over a prolonged period.

2. Absence or reduction of secondary sexual characteristics: Some men with azoospermia may exhibit diminished or underdeveloped secondary sexual traits, such as testicular atrophy, underdeveloped penis and pubic hair, sparse facial hair, high-pitched voice, and an inconspicuous Adam’s apple. These signs may suggest endocrine disorders or impaired testicular function.

3. Scrotal abnormalities: Abnormalities in the scrotum may be present, including scrotal enlargement, a sensation of heaviness, or dull pain, which may worsen during walking or prolonged standing. These issues may be related to pathologies of the testes or epididymis.

4. Abnormal semen: The volume of ejaculated semen may be reduced, and its appearance may be thin and watery, directly indicating the absence of sperm.

5. Sexual dysfunction: Some men with azoospermia may experience sexual dysfunction, such as difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection, or inability to reach orgasm.

Patients with azoospermia may, under medical supervision, use medications such as testosterone propionate injection or testosterone undecanoate soft capsules to regulate hormone levels. If inflammation is present, anti-inflammatory drugs such as levofloxacin tablets or norfloxacin capsules may be prescribed.