What causes low white blood cell count, low red blood cell count, and low hemoglobin?

In general, low levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin may be caused by genetic factors, nutritional imbalances, iron-deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia, or myelodysplastic syndromes. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Genetic Factors

Certain inherited diseases or gene mutations may lead to abnormal bone marrow hematopoietic function, thereby affecting the production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin. Regular physical examinations are necessary to monitor bodily changes.

2. Nutritional Imbalance

Long-term overeating or irregular eating habits can result in nutritional imbalances, leading to deficiencies in essential nutrients such as iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. These deficiencies may impair red blood cell production and hemoglobin synthesis, which in turn affects white blood cell counts. Adjusting the diet and increasing intake of nutrient-rich foods—such as lean meat, leafy green vegetables, and animal liver—can usually help gradually improve these levels.

3. Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia occurs due to insufficient iron in the body, which impairs hemoglobin synthesis and subsequently reduces red blood cell production, resulting in low levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin. Symptoms may include fatigue, pallor, palpitations, shortness of breath, and difficulty concentrating. Treatment typically involves taking medications such as compound ferrous sulfate granules, dextrans iron tablets, or ferrous fumarate tablets, as directed by a physician.

4. Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia is caused by bone marrow failure, damaging hematopoietic stem cells so they cannot effectively differentiate into mature blood cells, leading to reduced numbers of all blood cell types. This not only affects red blood cells and hemoglobin levels but also decreases white blood cell counts, weakening the body's immunity. Common symptoms include increased susceptibility to infections, bleeding tendencies, fatigue, and pale skin. Patients may be prescribed medications such as compound glycyrrhizin tablets, polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules, or mannanopeptide tablets under medical supervision.

5. Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and an increased risk of malignant transformation. Patients may present with low levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin. Under medical guidance, patients may be treated with drugs such as decitabine for injection, cytarabine injection, or homoharringtonine hydrochloride injection.

In daily life, it is important to maintain a balanced diet and ensure adequate intake of key nutrients such as iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 to support normal blood cell production and function.