Can dysmenorrhea cause infertility?

Oct 21, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Lu

Introduction

Whether dysmenorrhea leads to infertility depends on its type. Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by prostaglandins released during endometrial shedding, which trigger contractions of the uterine smooth muscle; this type may not cause infertility. However, secondary dysmenorrhea is usually caused by diseases of the reproductive system, which may affect the function of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, potentially leading to infertility.

Whether dysmenorrhea leads to infertility depends on the type of menstrual pain. Primary dysmenorrhea may not cause infertility, whereas secondary dysmenorrhea could potentially lead to infertility.

Primary dysmenorrhea typically does not involve organic abnormalities in the reproductive system. Instead, it results from prostaglandins released during endometrial shedding, which trigger contractions of the uterine smooth muscle. In general, primary dysmenorrhea does not impair a woman's fertility or directly cause infertility.

Secondary dysmenorrhea, however, is usually caused by underlying diseases of the reproductive system, such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, or ovarian cysts. These conditions may affect the function of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries, thereby impairing fertility and potentially leading to infertility.

Women experiencing long-term dysmenorrhea or worsening menstrual pain should seek timely medical evaluation and treatment to rule out potential gynecological disorders. Additionally, maintaining healthy lifestyle habits and a positive mental state can help support female reproductive health.

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