What are the risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?
Oct 30, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhou Xiaofeng
Introduction
In general, risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children include genetic factors, environmental factors, sociopsychological factors, viral infections, epilepsy, and others. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and follow a treatment plan under the guidance of a physician, which may include general interventions and medication. In daily life, education should be tailored to the individual child, and a warm, harmonious living environment should be created for the child.
Under normal circumstances, risk factors for childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include genetic factors, environmental factors, psychosocial factors, viral infections, epilepsy, and others. It is recommended to seek timely medical care and follow a doctor's guidance for treatments such as general interventions and medication. Specific analysis is as follows:
1. Genetic Factors
Childhood ADHD is closely related to genetic factors. If one family member has the condition, the risk increases for other family members. In such cases, it is recommended to use interventions such as behavioral therapy and psychosocial support.
2. Environmental Factors
Maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, or exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy, as well as premature birth and low birth weight, may all increase the child's risk of developing ADHD. These environmental factors can affect the neurological development of fetuses and newborns, leading to abnormalities in brain structure and function, which may trigger ADHD. It is advised to maintain a balanced diet with adequate nutrition during pregnancy, undergo regular check-ups, and prevent illness.
3. Psychosocial Factors
Overly harsh or permissive parenting styles, rigid and inflexible school management, and strained peer relationships may lead to emotional stress and anxiety in children, thereby increasing the risk of ADHD. Parents are encouraged to appropriately use praise and encouragement to enhance the child’s self-confidence and self-awareness, which helps correct maladaptive behavioral patterns.
4. Viral Infections
Viral infections occur when viruses invade the body and replicate within susceptible cells. Encephalitis or meningitis caused by viral infections may damage the central nervous system, resulting in reduced attention and impaired behavioral control, potentially leading to ADHD. These conditions are typically accompanied by symptoms such as fever, headache, and vomiting. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include medications such as mannitol injection, ceftriaxone sodium for injection, and acyclovir tablets.
5. Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a clinical syndrome caused by various factors leading to highly synchronized abnormal discharges in brain neurons. Seizures associated with epilepsy may affect brain function and structure, contributing to the development of ADHD. Symptoms often include convulsions and impaired consciousness. Under medical supervision, medications such as phenytoin sodium tablets, carbamazepine tablets, and sodium valproate tablets may be used for treatment.
In daily life, teaching should be tailored to the individual, and a warm, harmonious living environment should be created so that children can enjoy a relaxed and happy childhood.
