What are the common diseases in orthopedics?

Common orthopedic diseases typically include osteoporosis, tenosynovitis, osteoarthritis, fractures, and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. If discomfort symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical consultation at a hospital and undergo standardized treatment under a physician's guidance. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and quality, destruction of bone microarchitecture, and increased bone fragility, which may lead to fractures. It can be caused by various factors including genetic predisposition, unhealthy lifestyle habits, nutritional deficiencies, and medication effects. Symptoms may include fatigue, bone pain, and spinal deformities. Treatment may follow medical advice to use medications such as calcium carbonate tablets (from oyster shells), alfacalcidol soft capsules, and elcatonin injection.

2. Tenosynovitis

Tenosynovitis is a chronic aseptic inflammation of the tendon sheath caused by mechanical friction. Patients may experience localized pain, tenderness, and restricted joint movement. It is recommended to follow the physician's instructions to use medications such as diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets, flurbiprofen sustained-release tablets, and triamcinolone acetonide acetate injection for treatment to alleviate symptoms.

3. Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder, often associated with aging, obesity, wear and tear, trauma, or congenital joint abnormalities. It primarily involves damage to the articular cartilage and can affect the entire joint structure, eventually leading to cartilage degeneration, fibrosis, cracking, defects, and overall joint surface damage. Symptoms may include joint pain, stiffness, enlargement, and restricted movement. Treatment can be guided by a physician using medications such as glucosamine sulfate capsules, acetaminophen tablets, and aspirin enteric-coated tablets.

4. Fractures

Fractures may be caused by external impact, falls, or sports injuries, and can occur in any part of the body, such as fractures of the humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, and ankle joints. Symptoms may include localized pain, swelling and functional impairment, deformity, and bone friction sounds. If the fracture is mild and without significant displacement, medications such as bone-setting tablets, bone peptide tablets, or Qi Li San for bone healing may be taken under medical guidance. For patients with significant displacement, timely reduction surgery under a physician's care is required.

5. Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head may result from hip trauma, corticosteroid use, or long-term heavy alcohol consumption, leading to interrupted blood supply to the femoral head and eventually causing femoral head collapse and hip joint dysfunction. Symptoms may include pain in the hip or groin area, difficulty walking, and limb shortening. Treatment can follow medical advice using medications such as celecoxib capsules, blood-activating and bone-strengthening tablets, and bone-regeneration pills. For severe cases, surgical treatment under medical guidance may be necessary, including hip-preserving surgery or hip replacement surgery.

If suffering from orthopedic diseases, adequate rest is necessary during treatment, avoiding excessive fatigue and strenuous physical activity. Sufficient nutrition should also be consumed to promote recovery.