What are the best effective medications for female urinary incontinence?

Generally, urinary leakage in women may be caused by obesity, pelvic floor muscle relaxation, urethritis, cystitis, bladder outlet obstruction, and other factors. Appropriate management depends on the specific situation. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Obesity: Fat accumulation in obese women can lead to increased abdominal pressure. Long-term elevated abdominal pressure continuously stresses the pelvic floor muscles, causing them to gradually relax. When abdominal pressure slightly increases, urine leakage easily occurs. It is recommended to control weight through reasonable dietary management and regular exercise, combined with pelvic floor muscle training.

2. Pelvic Floor Muscle Relaxation: With aging and hormonal changes, pelvic floor muscles gradually relax, weakening their support for the bladder and urethra, which can lead to involuntary urine leakage. It is recommended to perform pelvic floor muscle exercises under medical guidance, such as Kegel exercises and biofeedback therapy, to strengthen pelvic floor muscles and improve support function.

3. Urethritis: Urethritis may impair normal function of the urethral sphincter, weakening its ability to contract. When the urine in the bladder exerts slight pressure or is subjected to mild stimulation, urine leakage easily occurs. It is recommended to take medications such as nitrofurantoin enteric-coated tablets or levofloxacin tablets under medical guidance.

4. Cystitis: Inflammatory irritation causes frequent contractions of the detrusor muscle, resulting in urgency. Bladder mucosal congestion and edema also affect the bladder's normal capacity and pressure regulation function. When bladder pressure exceeds urethral resistance, urine leakage occurs. It is recommended to use anti-infective medications such as cefaclor capsules or ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets as directed by a physician.

5. Bladder Outlet Obstruction: When the bladder outlet is partially or completely obstructed, urine cannot drain smoothly, leading to gradual accumulation of urine in the bladder and continuously rising intravesical pressure. As bladder pressure increases beyond the urethral resistance, urine overflows, causing overflow incontinence. It is recommended to use medications such as tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets or doxazosin mesylate tablets as directed by a physician.

Women experiencing urinary leakage should avoid strenuous exercise and heavy physical labor in daily life, reducing opportunities for increased abdominal pressure. They should also adjust their lifestyle, avoid holding urine, promptly empty the bladder, and undergo regular follow-up evaluations.