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What causes white spots on the nails?

Nov 29, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
White spots on the nails can be caused by age-related factors, trauma, malnutrition, nail fungus (onychomycosis), or parasitic infections. As people age, the moisture content in the nail plate decreases, and the keratin layer becomes more fragile, leading to small cracks that visually appear as white spots. It is recommended to maintain proper nail trimming, avoid contact with chemicals, and regularly apply nail oil.

Generally, white spots on the nails can be caused by age-related factors, trauma, malnutrition, nail fungus, or parasitic infection. If you experience any discomfort, seek medical attention promptly. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Age-Related Factors

With aging, the nails lose moisture, and the keratin layer becomes more fragile, making it prone to tiny cracks. These cracks may visually appear as white spots. Maintain appropriate nail trimming, avoid contact with chemicals, and regularly apply nail oil to enhance nail resilience.

2. Trauma

Mild nail bed injuries, such as accidentally cutting the skin while trimming nails or nail impact injuries, may cause white spots on the nails. Maintain nail hygiene and avoid further injuries.

3. Malnutrition

Picky eating habits or dieting can lead to malnutrition. Long-term dietary imbalance and deficiencies in nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and trace elements may result in insufficient nutrition for nail growth, leading to white spots on the nails. Symptoms such as fatigue and loss of appetite may also occur. Under the guidance of a healthcare professional, treatment may involve medications such as compound vitamin B tablets, vitamin C effervescent tablets, or oral zinc sulfate solution.

4. Nail Fungus (Onychomycosis)

This nail disease is caused by fungal infection. When fungi invade the nail, they can stimulate the production of inflammatory secretions. These secretions may appear as white spots on the nail surface and may be accompanied by localized itching or pain. Follow medical advice to use medications such as itraconazole capsules, terbinafine hydrochloride tablets, or ciclopirox cream for treatment.

5. Parasitic Infection

When parasites invade the body, they disrupt normal physiological functions and affect the absorption and utilization of nutrients, which may lead to white spots on the nails. Symptoms such as diarrhea and anemia may also occur. Follow medical advice to use medications such as albendazole tablets, praziquantel tablets, or mebendazole tablets for treatment.

It is recommended to wash the nails with warm water and mild soap, and avoid using harsh or irritating cleansers.

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