What causes white patches on a child's face?

Generally, white patches on a child's face are mainly caused by genetic factors, changes during development, sun exposure, pityriasis alba, vitiligo, and other reasons. If there is any discomfort, seek medical attention promptly. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Genetic Factors

Genetic factors can affect the activity and distribution of melanocytes in children, leading to localized skin areas lacking melanin and forming white patches. Currently, there is no specific treatment for white patches caused by genetic factors, but phototherapy can be used to improve appearance. Phototherapy uses light of specific wavelengths to stimulate melanocyte activity and help restore skin color.

2. Developmental Changes

During a child's growth and development, temporary pigmentation changes may occur on the skin, including the appearance of white patches. If the patches do not spread and do not affect the child's quality of life, they usually do not require specific treatment. Observation over time is recommended.

3. Sun Exposure

Children have delicate skin, and prolonged exposure to sunlight, especially without sun protection measures, may allow ultraviolet rays to damage melanocytes on the skin surface, causing depigmentation and forming white patches. Sun protection is important; apply children's sunscreen when outdoors, wear hats, and long-sleeved clothing, and avoid prolonged direct sun exposure.

4. Pityriasis Alba

Pityriasis alba may be related to factors such as sun exposure, dry skin, and vitamin deficiency. The inflammatory response caused by pityriasis alba can lead to white patches on a child's face, which may be accompanied by fine scaling. It is recommended to follow medical advice and administer medications such as compound vitamin B tablets, urea ointment, and vitamin E cream for treatment.

5. Vitiligo

Vitiligo may be associated with multiple factors including genetics, autoimmune responses, and environment. In children, the immune system may mistakenly attack and destroy melanocytes, leading to insufficient melanin production and the formation of white patches. Symptoms such as spreading patches or itching may occur. Parents should follow medical guidance to apply medications such as moisturizing skin ointment, tacrolimus ointment, and dexamethasone cream for treatment.

In daily life, it is recommended to avoid eating spicy, greasy, and irritating foods such as chili peppers, Sichuan pepper, and garlic, to prevent skin irritation and worsening of the condition.