What should a pregnant woman do if she has a cough?

Generally, coughing in pregnant women may be caused by hormonal changes during pregnancy, compression due to uterine enlargement, upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, and other factors. Treatment options, under a physician's guidance, may include general management and medication therapy. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Hormonal Changes During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, hormone levels in a woman's body undergo significant changes, especially an increase in progesterone. This may cause congestion and swelling of the respiratory mucosa, thereby triggering coughing. Measures include maintaining humid indoor air to avoid dryness irritating the respiratory tract, drinking plenty of water to keep the throat moist, and undergoing regular prenatal checkups to promptly detect and manage potential respiratory issues.

2. Compression Caused by Uterine Enlargement

As pregnancy progresses, the uterus gradually enlarges and may compress surrounding organs, including the lungs and airways, affecting respiratory function and causing coughing. Recommended approaches include adopting the correct sleeping posture, such as left lateral decubitus, to reduce pressure on the lungs and airways, and engaging in appropriate mild exercises like walking to enhance respiratory muscle function.

3. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Upper respiratory tract infections may be caused by viral or bacterial infections, such as influenza virus, rhinovirus, and streptococcus. Inflammation of the respiratory mucosa may lead to increased secretions that stimulate the cough reflex. Symptoms may also include nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, and fever. Under medical guidance, medications such as oseltamivir capsules, amoxicillin capsules, and dextromethorphan oral solution may be used for treatment.

4. Bronchitis

Bronchitis may be related to factors such as air pollution and smoking. Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa may result in increased secretions that obstruct the airway and trigger coughing. It is often accompanied by symptoms such as sputum production, wheezing, and chest pain. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include using salbutamol aerosol, cefradine capsules, and ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution.

5. Pneumonia

Pneumonia may be caused by pathogens such as bacteria or mycoplasma. Pulmonary inflammation may fill the alveoli with exudate, stimulating the cough reflex, and the cough is usually deep. Symptoms may include high fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Under a physician's recommendation, azithromycin tablets, codeine phosphate tablets, and acetaminophen tablets may be used to alleviate symptoms.

In daily life, it is important to maintain fresh indoor air by regularly ventilating and avoiding exposure to harmful gases. Enhancing immunity through a balanced diet rich in vitamins and proteins is also recommended.