What are transaminases?

Under normal circumstances, transaminases refer to a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of amino groups between amino acids and keto acids. These enzymes are widely present in animals, plants, tissues, and microorganisms, with higher concentrations found in animal tissues such as the heart muscle, brain, liver, kidney, and in mung bean sprouts. Detailed analysis is as follows:

There are many types of transaminases, which can be categorized into several types including aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Among them, aspartate transaminase is commonly found in red blood cells, liver, heart, and muscle tissues, while alanine transaminase mainly exists in the liver. Transaminases participate in the breakdown and synthesis of amino acids. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of an α-amino group from one amino acid to the keto group of another α-keto acid, forming the corresponding amino acid while the original amino acid converts into an α-keto acid. This process is essential for the normal functioning of the liver and can indicate abnormalities in liver function. Hepatocytes are the primary location for transaminases; when liver cells become inflamed, poisoned, or necrotic, these cells are damaged, causing transaminases to be released into the bloodstream, thereby increasing serum transaminase levels.

Transaminases are catalytic enzymes required for metabolic processes in the human body and play a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological functions. When elevated transaminase levels are detected, prompt medical attention should be sought to identify the cause and implement appropriate treatment measures.