What are the diseases included in neurosurgery?
Dec 31, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Trigeminal neuralgia may be caused by vascular compression, nerve lesions, bone spurs, muscle tension, or oral diseases. Patients may experience recurrent, brief episodes of sharp, electric shock-like, cutting, or tearing severe pain, accompanied by ipsilateral facial muscle twitching and facial flushing. Treatment may include medications such as carbamazepine capsules, gabapentin capsules, and pregabalin capsules, under the guidance of a physician.
Generally, neurological diseases include trigeminal neuralgia, congenital hydrocephalus, skull fractures, purulent meningitis, cerebral aneurysms, and others. If discomfort symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and follow standardized treatment under a physician's guidance. Detailed explanations are as follows:
1. Trigeminal Neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia may be caused by vascular compression, nerve lesions, bone spurs, muscle tension, oral diseases, etc. Patients may experience recurrent episodes of brief, shock-like, cutting, or tearing severe pain, accompanied by ipsilateral facial muscle twitching, facial flushing, tearing, and drooling. Treatment may involve medications such as carbamazepine capsules, gabapentin capsules, or pregabalin capsules, as advised by a physician.
2. Congenital Hydrocephalus
Congenital hydrocephalus may be associated with intrauterine viral infections during pregnancy, radiation exposure, medication effects, or unhealthy lifestyle habits. Symptoms may include progressive head circumference enlargement, heaviness in the head, dizziness, vomiting, and others. It is recommended to follow a physician's guidance for symptom relief using medications such as mannitol injection, acetazolamide tablets, or furosemide injection.
3. Skull Fracture
Skull fractures typically result from head trauma, commonly caused by blunt force injuries, such as traffic accidents, falling objects from heights, or physical altercations. Symptoms may include intense pain, eye congestion, nasal congestion, and more. Treatment under a physician's guidance may involve surgery. For example, when a calvarial comminuted fracture is accompanied by open injury, surgical debridement and removal of loose bone fragments are required. For basilar skull fractures with persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage lasting more than four weeks without healing, craniotomy is needed to repair the dura mater and seal the leakage site.
4. Purulent Meningitis
Purulent meningitis is an inflammatory response of the pia mater, arachnoid, cerebrospinal fluid, and ventricles caused by pyogenic bacterial infection. Symptoms may include high fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, increased intracranial pressure, and others. Treatment may involve medications such as penicillin G sodium for injection, cefotaxime sodium for injection, ampicillin capsules, etc., as directed by a physician.
5. Cerebral Aneurysm
Cerebral aneurysms may be related to congenital factors, arteriosclerosis, infection, trauma, and other factors. Symptoms may include bleeding, headache, numbness, and others. Surgical treatment under a physician's guidance is required. Surgical options include cerebral aneurysm clipping and endovascular embolization. In aneurysm clipping, the physician surgically places a clip at the base of the cerebral aneurysm to interrupt its blood supply. In endovascular embolization, a very fine microcatheter is inserted through the femoral or radial artery under X-ray guidance into the aneurysm, where metal coils are packed to completely block the aneurysm and prevent rebleeding or growth.
It is recommended to develop healthy lifestyle habits, maintain a proper balance between work and rest, and avoid excessive fatigue to promote overall health.
