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What are the side effects of magnesium sulfate?

Feb 13, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Bai Hongmei
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, common formulations of magnesium sulfate include magnesium sulfate injection and magnesium sulfate oral solution. The use of magnesium sulfate may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, pain at the injection site, facial flushing, dry mouth and sweating, and water and electrolyte disturbances. It is recommended to strictly follow medical instructions when using magnesium sulfate, and to avoid adjusting the dosage or administration method by oneself.

Common formulations of magnesium sulfate generally include injection solutions, powders, and others. The use of magnesium sulfate may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, pain at the injection site, facial flushing, dry mouth and sweating, and water and electrolyte disturbances. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Gastrointestinal Discomfort

After dissolving in the gastrointestinal tract, magnesium sulfate may increase the osmotic pressure of intestinal contents, thereby irritating the gastrointestinal tract and causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Generally, no treatment is required, and symptoms usually resolve spontaneously after discontinuation of the medication.

2. Pain at the Injection Site

Magnesium sulfate has certain irritant properties. Prolonged intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate may irritate the blood vessel walls, causing pain at the injection site. This discomfort can be alleviated by slowing the injection rate or changing the injection site.

3. Facial Flushing

During intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate, the medication may irritate the blood vessels and nervous system, leading to facial flushing. Usually, no special treatment is required, and symptoms typically resolve spontaneously.

4. Dry Mouth and Sweating

Magnesium sulfate exerts a mild inhibitory effect on the nervous system. During intravenous administration, patients may experience symptoms such as dry mouth and sweating. At this time, it is important to replenish fluids promptly to prevent dehydration.

5. Water and Electrolyte Disturbances

Excessive use of magnesium sulfate may lead to magnesium ion accumulation in the body, which can subsequently affect normal electrolyte balance and potentially cause symptoms such as muscle spasms, fatigue, and weakness.

It is recommended that when using magnesium sulfate, patients strictly follow medical instructions for administration, avoiding self-adjustment of dosage or method of administration. Additionally, maintaining good lifestyle habits, eating a balanced diet, and engaging in appropriate physical activity can help enhance physical resistance and reduce the occurrence of drug-related side effects.

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