What gynecological diseases can be detected by transvaginal ultrasound?

Generally, transvaginal ultrasound can detect gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids, adnexitis, polycystic ovary syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, and ovarian tumors. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are primarily composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, and their echogenicity differs from surrounding normal uterine muscle layers. The high-frequency probe used in transvaginal ultrasound can clearly display the shape, size, and myometrial structure of the uterus.

2. Adnexitis

When adnexitis occurs, pathological changes such as congestion, edema, and thickening may appear in the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Adjacent tissues may also develop adhesions, which can lead to changes in the ultrasound image.

3. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common gynecological endocrine disorder. Transvaginal ultrasound can clearly visualize the morphology, size, number, and size of follicles in the ovaries, aiding in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.

4. Ectopic Pregnancy

In cases of ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Transvaginal ultrasound can clearly visualize the uterus and adnexal region, enabling early detection of abnormal masses or gestational sacs outside the uterus.

5. Ovarian Tumors

Ovarian tumors include various types, both benign and malignant. Transvaginal ultrasound can provide a preliminary assessment of tumor characteristics by observing the morphology, size, borders, internal echogenicity, and blood flow of the ovarian tumor.

Prior to undergoing a transvaginal ultrasound examination, patients should empty their bladder and avoid the examination during menstruation. After the examination, it is important to clean the external genitalia to prevent infection.