What are the side effects of propolis?
Mar 09, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Bai Hongmei
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, propolis is a gum-like solid substance with an aromatic odor, processed by bees from resins collected from plant buds or tree trunks, mixed with secretions from their mandibular and wax glands. Its side effects include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal discomfort, effects on the endocrine system, impacts on the hematologic system, and increased burden on the liver.
Normally, propolis is a sticky solid substance with a fragrant odor produced by honeybees from resins collected from plant buds or tree bark, mixed with secretions from their mandibular and wax glands. Its side effects include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal discomfort, effects on the endocrine system, effects on the blood system, and increased burden on the liver. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Allergic Reactions
Propolis contains various components such as resins and volatile oils. Some individuals with allergic constitutions may experience skin allergy symptoms like itching, redness, swelling, and rashes after contact or ingestion. There may also be allergic reactions in the respiratory system, such as sneezing, runny nose, coughing, or even difficulty breathing. Severe cases may lead to anaphylactic shock.
2. Gastrointestinal Discomfort
Certain components of propolis may irritate the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea may occur after ingestion, especially in individuals with weak gastrointestinal function or those taking propolis on an empty stomach.
3. Effects on the Endocrine System
Propolis contains certain amounts of flavonoids and other phytoestrogen-like substances. Long-term or excessive consumption may affect the human endocrine system. In women, it may interfere with normal estrogen levels, leading to menstrual cycle disorders or abnormal menstrual flow.
4. Effects on the Blood System
Propolis has some blood-activating properties and may affect blood coagulation. In some cases, such as individuals with impaired coagulation function or those taking anticoagulant medications, propolis consumption may increase the risk of bleeding, such as gum bleeding or nosebleeds, and severe cases may lead to internal bleeding.
5. Increased Burden on the Liver
The components of propolis need to be metabolized by the liver. Long-term and excessive consumption of propolis may increase the liver's metabolic burden. For individuals with pre-existing liver dysfunction, this may lead to abnormal liver function indicators, such as elevated transaminase levels, affecting normal liver function.
Before consuming propolis, one should understand their health condition and potential risks. Choose reputable sources when purchasing propolis products to ensure product quality and safety.
