Introduction
Nosebleeds may be caused by dry nasal passages, nose picking, atrophic rhinitis, hypertension, hemophilia, and other conditions. In the fall and winter seasons, low air humidity or prolonged exposure to air-conditioned or heated environments can cause moisture loss in the nasal mucosa, leaving it dry and fragile, with the underlying capillaries prone to rupture and bleeding. Using a humidifier indoors to maintain humidity levels between 40% and 60% is recommended.
Nosebleeds may be caused by dry nasal passages, habitual nose picking, atrophic rhinitis, hypertension, hemophilia, and other conditions. If abnormalities occur, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:
1. Dry nasal passages: During autumn and winter seasons, or when staying long-term in air-conditioned or heated environments, low humidity causes moisture loss from the nasal mucosa, making it dry, fragile, and prone to capillary rupture and bleeding. Indoor humidity can be regulated to 40%-60% using a humidifier. Regular use of compound peppermint oil nasal drops can moisturize the nasal cavity and relieve dryness.
2. Nose picking habit: Frequent nose picking with fingers or forceful nose-blowing can damage the nasal mucosa and capillaries, leading to bleeding. Minor bleeding can be controlled by inserting clean cotton balls into the nasal cavity to apply pressure. Applying erythromycin eye ointment on the affected area can promote healing. It is also important to correct this bad habit to prevent further injury.
3. Atrophic
rhinitis: Chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa causes reduced gland secretion, mucosal atrophy and dryness, and decreased elasticity of tiny blood vessels, making them prone to rupture and bleeding. Symptoms often include nasal itching and a foreign body sensation. Treatment options include using physiological seawater nasal sprays to clean the nasal cavity, vitamin A and D drops to lubricate the mucosa, and oral vitamin C tablets to promote healing.
4. Hypertension: Long-term high blood pressure or sudden blood pressure spikes after emotional excitement or strenuous exercise can overwhelm the fragile nasal blood vessels, causing rupture and bleeding. This is often accompanied by symptoms like headache and dizziness. Antihypertensive medications such as nifedipine controlled-release tablets, valsartan capsules, and indapamide tablets should be taken regularly as directed by a physician, with regular monitoring and medication adjustments.
5. Hemophilia: Congenital deficiency of clotting factors (such as insufficient clotting factors VIII or IX) leads to impaired blood coagulation mechanisms. Nosebleeds may last longer and recur frequently, sometimes accompanied by joint swelling and pain or muscle hematomas. Prompt supplementation of the corresponding clotting factors is necessary. Commonly used treatments include recombinant human clotting factor VIII for injection, recombinant human clotting factor IX for injection, and human prothrombin complex concentrates for replacement therapy.
In daily life, it is important to keep the nasal cavity clean and moist while avoiding nose picking or forceful nose-blowing. If nosebleeds occur frequently, involve heavy bleeding, or are accompanied by skin bruising or joint pain, prompt medical attention should be sought for accurate diagnosis and standardized treatment.
