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What are the harms and severity of hyperthyroidism?

Jul 08, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Chuanjia
Introduction
Excess thyroid hormone increases heart rate and enhances myocardial contractility. Long-term effects may lead to excessive cardiac workload, resulting in arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, and other symptoms. Severe cases can cause cardiac enlargement and heart failure, reducing the patient's exercise tolerance and causing palpitations, shortness of breath during daily activities, and even life-threatening complications.

Hyperthyroidism generally refers to hyperfunction of the thyroid gland. Its risks and severity are typically manifested through damage to cardiac function, induction of bone problems, effects on the nervous system, disruption of the digestive system, and threats to reproductive health. If abnormalities occur, timely medical consultation is recommended. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Cardiac dysfunction: Excess thyroid hormone accelerates heart rate and enhances myocardial contractility. Long-term effects may lead to excessive cardiac load. Arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation may occur, and in severe cases, cardiac enlargement and heart failure can develop, causing reduced exercise tolerance, palpitations and shortness of breath during daily activities, and even life-threatening conditions.

2. Bone-related problems: Hyperthyroidism accelerates bone metabolism, causing bone loss to outpace bone formation. This can lead to osteoporosis, increased bone fragility, back or joint pain, and fractures even from minor trauma, affecting normal physical activity.

3. Nervous system effects: Excess thyroid hormone stimulates the nervous system, causing emotional instability, irritability, anxiety, and insomnia. Some patients may experience difficulty concentrating and memory decline. In severe cases, hand tremors and muscle tremors may occur, interfering with normal work and daily routines.

4. Digestive system disturbances: Hyperthyroidism increases gastrointestinal motility and secretion of digestive fluids. Patients often experience increased appetite but significant weight loss, possibly accompanied by diarrhea and bloating. Prolonged conditions may lead to malabsorption of nutrients, progressive physical weakness, and decreased immunity.

5. Reproductive health risks: Female patients may develop menstrual irregularities, reduced menstrual flow, or even amenorrhea, affecting normal ovulation and decreasing fertility. Male patients may experience reduced sexual function, decreased sperm count or quality, negatively affecting fertility and increasing family planning difficulties.

When facing hyperthyroidism, timely medical consultation and adherence to professional treatment plans are essential. Regular monitoring of thyroid hormone levels, maintaining regular作息 and a balanced diet, and avoiding excessive fatigue and emotional excitement are important to reduce disease-related complications.

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