What causes nosebleeds in children?

Generally, nosebleeds in children may be caused by delicate and fragile nasal mucosa, dry environment, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, thrombocytopenic purpura, and other reasons. If frequent nosebleeds or difficulty stopping the bleeding occur, it is recommended to seek timely treatment at a regular hospital. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Delicate and Fragile Nasal Mucosa

Children's nasal mucosa has not fully developed and is delicate with abundant blood vessels. Once stimulated by minor impacts, nose picking, or other irritations, the nasal mucosa can easily become damaged and bleed. In daily life, educate children to avoid picking their noses with their hands and protect their noses during play to reduce injuries.

2. Dry Environment

Dry air can cause moisture loss in children's nasal mucosa, making it dry and fragile, thus prone to rupture and bleeding. A humidifier can be used indoors to maintain air humidity between 40%-60%. Encourage children to drink more warm water to replenish body fluids.

3. Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic children exposed to allergens may develop allergic rhinitis. The inflammation can irritate the nasal mucosa, causing congestion, swelling, and sometimes erosion and bleeding. Under a doctor's guidance, medications such as mometasone furoate nasal spray, loratadine syrup, and levocetirizine hydrochloride oral solution can be used. At the same time, avoid exposure to allergens.

4. Sinusitis

Sinusitis is mostly caused by bacterial or viral infections. Inflammation leads to swollen nasal mucosa and increased secretions, which can damage the nasal mucosa and cause bleeding after prolonged irritation. Under a doctor's guidance, medications such as cefaclor dry mixable powder, Bi Yan Tong Qiao Granules, and fluticasone furoate nasal spray can be used. Nasal hygiene should also be maintained.

5. Thrombocytopenic Purpura

This is an autoimmune disease that causes a reduction in platelet count and impaired clotting function, leading to easy bleeding of the nasal mucosa that is difficult to stop. Prompt medical attention is necessary. Under a doctor's guidance, medications such as methylprednisolone tablets, dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection, and intravenous immunoglobulin may be used for treatment.

In daily life, maintain fresh indoor air and avoid exposing children to irritating gases. Encourage children to develop good hygiene habits, such as not picking their noses. Diet-wise, encourage consumption of vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, such as oranges, kiwifruit, and spinach. Dress children appropriately according to weather changes to prevent colds and other respiratory diseases.