What are the causes of hypothyroidism?
Aug 22, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Hypothyroidism usually refers to an underactive thyroid. In general, hypothyroidism may be caused by aging, abnormal iodine intake, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, postoperative effects of thyroid surgery, and other factors. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention, identify the underlying cause, and undergo symptomatic treatment under a doctor's guidance. A balanced diet with adequate protein intake is also important in daily life.
Hypothyroidism generally refers to an underactive thyroid. In most cases, hypothyroidism may be caused by aging, abnormal iodine intake, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, postoperative effects following thyroid surgery, and other factors. It is recommended to seek timely medical consultation, identify the underlying cause, and undergo symptomatic treatment under a physician's guidance. Detailed explanations are as follows:
1. Aging: With increasing age, the thyroid tissue function gradually declines and hormone secretion decreases, which may lead to hypothyroidism, commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Regular thyroid function check-ups, maintaining a regular lifestyle, and appropriately consuming iodine-rich foods such as kelp and nori can help maintain stable thyroid function.
2. Abnormal iodine intake: Long-term iodine deficiency or excess can both affect thyroid hormone synthesis, leading to hypothyroidism, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue and cold intolerance. Adjust dietary structure, reasonably supplement iodine according to individual conditions, avoid long-term excessive consumption of high-iodine or iodine-deficient foods, and monitor urinary iodine levels regularly.
3. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the thyroid tissue, leading to reduced thyroid function and resulting in hypothyroidism, often accompanied by goiter. Patients may follow medical advice to take medications such as levothyroxine sodium tablets, thyroid tablets, and selenium yeast tablets.
4. Subacute thyroiditis: Often caused by viral infection, inflammation damages thyroid tissue, affects hormone secretion, and leads to hypothyroidism, accompanied by neck pain and fever. Patients may follow medical advice to use medications such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, prednisone tablets, and aspirin enteric-coated tablets to alleviate symptoms.
5. Postoperative effects of thyroid surgery: Partial or total thyroidectomy due to thyroid nodules, hyperthyroidism, etc., leads to reduced thyroid tissue and insufficient hormone secretion, resulting in hypothyroidism. Patients need to follow medical advice to take medications such as levothyroxine sodium tablets, thyroid tablets, and levothyroxine sodium enteric-coated tablets long-term to supplement hormone levels.
In daily life, maintaining a balanced diet with sufficient protein and vitamins, avoiding raw, cold, and greasy foods, engaging in moderate exercise such as walking and yoga, and improving physical fitness can help maintain stable thyroid function.
