What to do for a burn injury
Sep 18, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
After a burn injury, prompt scientific measures should be taken to alleviate damage. Generally, the affected area can be managed by continuously rinsing with cool water. Preventive measures should be strengthened in daily life to avoid contact with high-temperature objects and open flames. Handle burns gently and never arbitrarily puncture blisters. After seeking medical care, follow the doctor's instructions for wound care, keep the wound clean and dry, and immediately return for re-evaluation if signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or pus occur.
After a burn injury, timely and scientifically sound measures should be taken to reduce tissue damage. Common responses include continuous rinsing with cold water, removing covering materials, protecting the wound surface, avoiding improper treatments, and seeking medical care promptly. Specific steps are as follows:
1. Continuous cold water rinsing: Immediately immerse the affected area in running cold water or apply a towel soaked in cold water to the injured site for 15 to 20 minutes. Cold water rapidly removes heat, reduces further thermal damage to tissues, and helps minimize the depth of the burn.
2. Remove covering materials: If clothing covers the burned area, carefully remove it after cooling. If the fabric adheres to the wound, do not forcibly peel it off. Leave the adhered portion intact and use scissors to cut away surrounding fabric to avoid tearing and worsening the injury.
3. Cover and protect the wound: Gently cover the burn with clean, sterile gauze or a cloth to form a protective layer. This reduces exposure to dust and bacteria, lowers the risk of infection, and prevents excessive moisture loss from the wound.
4. Avoid incorrect treatments: Do not apply toothpaste, soy sauce, vegetable oil, or similar substances to the burn. These can trap heat, interfere with a doctor’s assessment of burn depth, and may cause infection or worsen tissue damage.
5. Seek prompt medical treatment: If the burn is large, forms blisters, appears pale or charred, or occurs on sensitive areas such as the face, eyes, or joints, seek immediate medical attention at a hospital's burn unit for professional care.
In daily life, take preventive measures to avoid contact with high-temperature objects and open flames. Handle burn injuries gently and never puncture blisters arbitrarily. After medical consultation, follow healthcare providers' instructions for wound care—keep the area clean and dry. If signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or pus occur, return for medical evaluation immediately.
