What happens if chronic pulpitis is left untreated?

In general, if left untreated, chronic pulpitis may lead to repeated and worsening pain, trigger apical periodontitis, increase tooth structure loss, induce jawbone inflammation, and affect the health of adjacent teeth. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Recurrent and worsening pain: In the early stages of chronic pulpitis, pain is typically intermittent and dull. Without treatment, inflammation within the pulp chamber continues to progress and bacteria multiply, causing the pain to become more frequent and severe. The discomfort may evolve from a mild ache to persistent, throbbing pain, especially exacerbated by cold or hot stimuli or at night, significantly disrupting daily rest and life.

2. Development of apical periodontitis: The inflammation can spread beyond the pulp chamber and extend to the root apex, leading to apical periodontitis. Patients may experience pain while biting, swelling in the gum area corresponding to the tooth root, and marked tenderness upon pressure. If the inflammation progresses further, a periapical abscess may form, intensifying local discomfort.

3. Increased tooth structure loss: Chronic pulpitis often develops from dental caries. Without treatment, the internal pulp tissue progressively dies and decomposes, while the external tooth structure continues to deteriorate due to the disease. The initial cavity may expand until most of the tooth structure is lost, ultimately resulting in deformation of the tooth and loss of normal chewing function.

4. Induction of jawbone inflammation: If inflammation at the root apex remains uncontrolled over time, it may spread into the jawbone, causing osteomyelitis of the jaw. This leads to localized destruction of jawbone tissue. Patients may suffer from pain and swelling in the jaw region, and in severe cases, the normal structure and function of the jawbone may be compromised, increasing the difficulty of treatment.

5. Impact on adjacent teeth: Bacteria and their metabolic byproducts from the inflamed site may spread through periodontal spaces or contact areas between neighboring teeth, leading to caries or gingivitis in adjacent teeth. As a result, neighboring teeth may also become affected, triggering new dental problems.

It is important to maintain good oral hygiene in daily life—brush teeth twice a day, use dental floss to clean interdental spaces, and undergo regular dental check-ups. Any dental issues should be addressed promptly to prevent further progression of disease.