How is appendicitis diagnosed?

The examination methods for appendicitis generally include detailed medical history inquiry, abdominal physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), abdominal ultrasound, and abdominal CT scan. The specifics are as follows:

1. Detailed medical history inquiry: The doctor will ask the patient about the onset time, location, and nature of abdominal pain, whether it is accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, or bowel disturbances, as well as the progression of symptoms. This information helps to preliminarily determine if the presentation is typical of appendicitis and guides further diagnostic evaluations.

2. Abdominal physical examination: Focuses on assessing abdominal tenderness, rebound tenderness, and muscle rigidity. Patients with appendicitis often have localized tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Pain typically worsens when pressure is released suddenly (rebound tenderness), and abdominal muscle guarding may be present in more severe cases. These signs are important indicators for assessing the severity of inflammation.

3. Complete blood count (CBC): Blood tests are used to measure white blood cell count and neutrophil percentage. Due to bacterial infection, patients with appendicitis usually show elevated total white blood cell counts and increased neutrophil proportions. The degree of abnormality in these markers reflects the severity of infection and aids in clinical assessment.

4. Abdominal ultrasound: Ultrasound imaging allows visualization of the appendix's shape, size, and surrounding tissues. Findings such as an enlarged appendix, thickened wall, fluid accumulation within the lumen, or perivisceral abscess can confirm the diagnosis of appendicitis. Additionally, this modality helps rule out other conditions that may mimic appendicitis, such as ureteral stones or ovarian cysts.

5. Abdominal CT scan: For patients with atypical symptoms or inconclusive ultrasound findings, an abdominal CT scan provides clearer visualization of the appendix and surrounding structures. It accurately assesses the extent of appendiceal inflammation, detects complications such as perforation or abscess formation, and offers detailed information for guiding treatment decisions.

When symptoms suggestive of appendicitis occur, prompt medical evaluation is essential. Patients should cooperate with healthcare providers in completing necessary examinations. Once diagnosed, timely treatment according to medical advice is crucial to prevent disease progression and potential complications.