How is a tumor biopsy performed?
Nov 05, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Tumor biopsy generally includes preoperative evaluation, localization of the biopsy site, local disinfection and anesthesia, sample collection via puncture, and post-procedure compression and observation. Prior to the procedure, complete blood count, coagulation function tests, and screening for infectious diseases should be performed to assess whether the patient's physical condition is suitable for biopsy. Additionally, imaging studies such as CT or ultrasound are used to precisely determine the tumor's location and size, and to rule out any contraindications for biopsy.
Tumor biopsy generally includes preoperative evaluation, localization of the puncture site, local disinfection and anesthesia, performing the puncture to obtain samples, and post-procedure compression and observation. The details are as follows:
1. Preoperative evaluation: Before the biopsy, routine blood tests, coagulation function tests, and screening for infectious diseases should be completed to assess whether the patient is fit for the procedure. Imaging studies such as CT or ultrasound are used to determine the tumor's location and size, rule out contraindications, and ensure the safety of the biopsy.
2. Localization of the puncture site: Using imaging guidance such as ultrasound or CT, the entry point on the patient’s skin is marked, and the depth and angle of the needle insertion are determined. This helps avoid damage to surrounding blood vessels, nerves, or organs, ensures accurate targeting of the tumor lesion, and increases the success rate of sample collection.
3. Local disinfection and anesthesia: The skin at the puncture site is thoroughly disinfected and covered with a sterile drape. Local anesthetic is then injected to reduce pain during the procedure, further lower the risk of infection, and create a sterile environment for the biopsy.
4. Performing the biopsy: The physician inserts the biopsy needle into the tumor lesion along the predetermined path and depth, collects a small amount of tumor tissue or cells, and quickly withdraws the needle after sampling. The specimen is placed in a designated container and sent to the pathology department for analysis.
5. Post-procedure compression and observation: After the biopsy, sterile gauze is applied to compress the puncture site for 10–15 minutes to prevent bleeding or hematoma formation. The patient's vital signs and puncture site are closely monitored. Once stability is confirmed, the patient is instructed on post-procedure care, such as keeping the puncture site dry and avoiding strenuous activity.
During the procedure, patients must cooperate with the medical team by maintaining the required body position and avoiding unnecessary movement. After the biopsy results are available, patients should promptly consult their doctor to determine the next steps in diagnosis and treatment.
