What are the complications of appendectomy surgery?

Nov 05, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Wang Lei

Introduction

In general, as a common treatment for appendicitis, appendectomy may lead to complications including wound infection, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, intra-abdominal abscess, intestinal adhesions, and residual appendicitis. After surgery, patients should follow medical advice for wound care, engage in early appropriate activity to reduce the risk of intestinal adhesions, and closely monitor body temperature, abdominal pain, and bowel movements.

In general, appendectomy, as a common treatment for appendicitis, may lead to several potential complications, including incision infection, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, intra-abdominal abscess, intestinal adhesions, and stump appendicitis. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Incision infection: This is a relatively common complication after appendectomy, usually caused by contamination of the surgical incision during the operation or improper postoperative care. It typically presents 2–3 days after surgery with redness, swelling, increased pain at the incision site, and fever. In severe cases, there may be discharge or pus formation, requiring timely debridement, drainage, and anti-infective treatment.

2. Intra-abdominal hemorrhage: This most commonly occurs within 24 hours after surgery and is often due to incomplete hemostasis during the procedure or dislodgement of ligatures. Patients may experience abdominal pain and distension, accompanied by pallor, palpitations, and decreased blood pressure. Severe cases may require reoperation to control bleeding and prevent disease progression.

3. Intra-abdominal abscess: This usually results from severe appendiceal inflammation, residual pus in the abdominal cavity during surgery, or inadequate postoperative drainage. Abscesses commonly develop in the pelvic cavity, subphrenic space, or interintestinal spaces. Symptoms include persistent fever, abdominal pain, fatigue, and sometimes bloating and difficulty defecating. Ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage are typically required, along with anti-infective therapy.

4. Intestinal adhesions: These occur easily between the intestines and abdominal wall or between loops of intestine after surgery, primarily due to surgical manipulation or inflammatory response within the abdominal cavity. Mild adhesions may be asymptomatic, but severe cases can lead to bowel obstruction, presenting with abdominal pain, vomiting, and cessation of flatus and defecation.

5. Stump appendicitis: This condition arises when the remaining appendiceal stump is too long after surgery and becomes inflamed. It manifests as recurrent symptoms similar to appendicitis, such as right lower quadrant pain and fever. Diagnosis is confirmed through imaging studies, and repeated episodes may necessitate surgical removal of the stump.

After surgery, patients should follow medical advice regarding wound care and engage in early, appropriate activity to reduce the risk of intestinal adhesions. They should also monitor body temperature, abdominal pain, and bowel movements, promptly reporting any abnormalities to healthcare providers for timely management of complications and better recovery.

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Where is the incision site for minimally invasive appendectomy?

The incisions for minimally invasive appendectomy are typically located in the abdomen, usually three in number—situated at the umbilicus and on both sides of the lower abdomen or near the midline of the lower abdomen. Each incision is small, generally 0.5–1 cm in length, and their exact positions may be slightly adjusted depending on the patient's condition. If redness, swelling, fluid discharge, or persistent pain occurs at the incision site after surgery, prompt medical attention is recommended.

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What are the complications after appendectomy?

In general, although appendectomy is a common surgical procedure, it may still lead to certain postoperative complications, including incision infection or pain, intestinal adhesions, stump appendicitis, pelvic abscess, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. After surgery, patients should pay attention to wound care, get out of bed and move as early as possible to reduce the risk of intestinal adhesions, and maintain a light diet, avoiding overeating and binge eating.

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Does getting anesthesia hurt during appendicitis surgery?

In general, whether anesthesia for appendectomy causes pain depends on the type of anesthesia used. Local anesthesia may cause mild discomfort, while general anesthesia usually involves no significant pain. After surgery, it is important to keep the incision clean and dry to prevent infection. Initially, patients should eat light and easily digestible foods, gradually returning to a normal diet. Appropriate physical activity can be resumed according to individual recovery progress.

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Can you eat seafood after appendicitis surgery?

In general, whether seafood can be consumed after appendectomy depends on the individual patient's postoperative recovery. When eating seafood, start with a small amount and monitor for any adverse reactions such as rashes or diarrhea. Postoperative diet should follow the principle of gradual progression—beginning with liquid or semi-liquid foods and slowly transitioning to regular meals. Avoid consuming spoiled or un新鲜 seafood.